Now days the information become the valuable assets and private information must be protected from being compromised. Today we use different sophisticated, robust encryption algorithm which are vulnerable to classical computational attack as well as the powerful parallel quantum computer. In this paper, we examine limitations and vulnerabilities and attacks to which Quantum Key Distribution can be exposed.
Now days the information become the valuable assets and private information must be protected from being compromised. Today we use different sophisticated, robust encryption algorithm which are vulnerable to classical computational attack as well as the powerful parallel quantum computer. In this paper, we examine limitations and vulnerabilities and attacks to which Quantum Key Distribution can be exposed.
As quantum computing matures, it's going to bring unimaginable increases in computational power along with the systems we use to protect our data (and our democratic processes) will become even more vulnerable. It is often said that the power of quantum computer comes from the quantum parallelism, which means instead of processing each input one by one, processor process each input parallelly. Quantum mechanics allow us to do an operation on a superposition of all the possible inputs at the same time. The classical computers have enabled amazing things, but there are still some problems we can’t easily solve like-2^N(optimization problems where it grows exponentially). For transferring the information the protocols are very essential for security. An example is quantum key distribution, and its protocols are like -BB84, SARG04, B92 etc. Moreover, quantum cryptography has proved its standing against many weaknesses in the classical cryptography. One of these weaknesses is the ability to copy any type of information using a passive attack without an interruption, which is impossible in the quantum system.
The quantum cryptography approach is a significant change in secure communication in the sense that quantum cryptography bases its security on the law of quantum physics as opposed to computation difficulty. With classical encryption methods rapidly losing their resistance to the power of the underlying computers as well as the expected possibilities of the quantum computers, quantum cryptography comes into the limelight as a possible method of securing information in the long term. The paper is a detailed and systematic review of quantum cryptography along with the fundamentals of this practice, the way it works, and its practical implementation. It describes the ability of quantum phenomena to be unique (including superposition, uncertainty, and disturbance of measurement) and able to secure a key exchange as well as ensure any attempt of eavesdropping would be automatically noticed.In the review, the authors mainly discuss quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols, their functioning principles, security assurances, and the benefits of quantum over classical key exchange schemes. Besides that, the paper critically evaluates the real issues surrounding the implementation of quantum cryptographic systems such as hardware limitations, transmission range, environmental noise, and compatibility, to existing compatibility infrastructures. Recent advances in the field of experiments and pilot implementations are presented to determine the maturity of new technologies, and their suitability to be used on a large scale. Through its analytical review of theoretical assets, as well as practical constraints, this paper offers a definite and equalist view of the state of quantum cryptography today and also explains the research priorities important in its scale, moving away of the test production systems to the dependable and extensive security measures.
Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) promises secure communication by leveraging quantum principles. Although there has been significant theoretical research conducted in the field of QKD. However, it is still an emerging frontier in the realm of practical implementation. The absence of standardization exposes several vulnerabilities in both quantum and classical spectrums. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of the Q KD vulnerabilities and attack models published from the past decade and classify them within a taxonomy. By bridging theory and practice, we aim to improve the practical security of Q KD against threats and pave the way for robust quantum communication.
Data protection and information security have been the essence of communication in today's digital era. Authentication and secrecy of secure communication are achieved using key-based cryptographic primitives; the security of which significantly relies upon the underlying computationally complex mathematics. Moreover, these existing cryptographic primitives are considered to be non-deterministic on the basis of the existing computational capabilities. However, the considerable advancements in the development of quantum computers have significantly enhanced parallel computations; thereby, posing a great threat to these existing encryption primitives. Thus, in the future, the physical manifestation of a large successful quantum computer is likely to break all the existing public-key encryption algorithms in no time. This has led to a remarkable surge of interest in propelling quantum mechanics into existence; subsequently, leading cryptographers to research various viable domains to offer quantum-resistant secure communications. Resultantly, quantum cryptography/quantum key distribution has emerged as a futuristic replacement for classical cryptography as it offers unconditionally secure communication along with the inherent detection of any unintended user. Thus, keeping in view the significance of this relatively newer domain of cryptography, this research focuses on presenting a consolidated review of the various Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocols. A comparative analysis of the working mechanism of the prominent QKD protocols is presented along with an overview of the various emerging trends that have been proposed to optimize the implementational efficiency of the BB84 protocol.
Security knowledge is one of the foremost challenges in the present day. When the topic is about Information security, the concept of cryptography comes into the picture. Every day, people and organizations use cryptography to maintain the confidentiality of their communications and data as well as to preserve their privacy. Today, one of the most successful methods used by businesses to protect their storage systems, whether at rest or in transit, is cryptography. Yet, cryptography is an effective technique to secure the data, the modern technology can break the cryptographic techniques. But some data encryption algorithms are several times stronger than today's conventional cryptography and can be constructed using quantum computing. They are "Quantum Cryptographic Algorithms ". Quantum cryptography uses the rules of quantum physics instead of classical encryption, which is based on mathematics, to protect and transmit data in a way that cannot be intercepted. Quantum key distribution is the greatest illustration of quantum cryptography and offers a safe solution to the key exchange issue. The proposed work deals with quantum cryptography and mainly focuses on how the quantum cryptographic algorithm is more secure than traditional cryptography.
Cybersecurity attacks are rising day by day due to the explosive growth of the internet. Many encryption techniques and authentication mechanisms also came into existence to avoid or minimize cybersecurity attacks. However, these traditional encryption algorithms are facing new challenges because of quantum computers. Due to their high computational capacity, quantum computers will be able to decipher the messages which are encrypted by the encryption algorithms. To guard against these sophisticated cyber attacks, the Quantum-Key Distribution (QKD) protocol and the Time-Released Encryption(TRE) algorithms are becoming popular. The paper proposes a Time-Based Quantum Key Distribution Protocol (TB-QKD), that enables a secure key exchange and decryption process between two trusted parties on an arbitrary time. The proposed TB-QKD protocol allows the sender and receiver to share the keys securely through the quantum channel with the help of QKD protocol. The algorithm encryption and decryption times for different messages have been observed and presented. Moreover, this protocol also provides a suitable solution that addresses many vulnerabilities that occur in the domain of data security and confidentiality.