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Optics Letters

Relative intensity noise reduction in a dual-state quantum-dot laser by optical feedback

Robert Pawlus, Stefan Breuer, Martin Virte

Published Oct 16, 2017• 20 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We report a reduction of the relative intensity noise (RIN) in a dual-state emitting quantum-dot laser subject to the state-selective optical feedback on the ground state and excited state. Numerically, we map the evolution of the RIN for variations of the optical feedback phases for both states. We report important differences in the impact of the feedback when applied to the ground or excited state, and observe regimes for which a significant reduction in RIN is achieved. Experimentally, we confirm these results and achieve a 16 dB reduction of the RIN via a careful and independent tuning of the optical feedback phase for each state.

DOI
10.1364/ol.42.004259

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Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•May 24, 1999•0 citations
We report a reduction of the relative intensity noise (RIN) in a dual-state emitting quantum-dot laser subject to the state-selective optical feedback on the ground state and excited state. Numerically, we map the evolution of the RIN for variations of the optical feedback phases for both states. We report important differences in the impact of the feedback when applied to the ground or excited state, and observe regimes for which a significant reduction in RIN is achieved. Experimentally, we confirm these results and achieve a 16 dB reduction of the RIN via a careful and independent tuning of the optical feedback phase for each state.
We demonstrate experimentally that the first- and second-order coherence properties of light emitted by a quantum dot superluminescent diode can be simultaneously tailored by well-controlled optical feedback. Depending on feedback intensity and feedback spectral range we achieve a spectral width Δλ between 120 and 0.26 nm, corresponding to a coherence length in first order in the range between 13 and 5820 μm, while the central second-order coherence degree g((2))(τ=0) is tuned gradually from a thermal value of g((2))(0)~1.8 down to the coherent laser limit of g((2))(0)=1.0. These results are complemented by comprehensive investigations of relative intensity noise, which are in excellent agreement with the observed intensity correlation behavior.
A fully quantum-mechanical model of feedback to the pump source of a four-level laser is developed with a view to predicting the achievable intensity noise reduction. For solid-state lasers, the model shows that quantum noise sources due to laser dynamics have a significant impact on the optimization of the feedback loop. Experimental results obtained with a diode pumped neodymium:yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser are found to be in good agreement with the theoretical model. The ultimate limit to the noise suppression comes from the quantum noise due to the measurement processes in the feedback loop. A scheme to overcome this limit using a squeezed vacuum is theoretically demonstrated to be a highly efficient method of generating bright intensity squeezed light, particularly in the kHz regime where bright squeezing is otherwise difficult to obtain.
The behaviour of a dual state quantum dot laser undergoing optical injection is analysed. Depending on the injection current the free-running operation of the slave can be ground state only emission, both ground state and excited state emission or excited state emission only. Complete suppression of the excited state in the dual state lasing regime via sufficiently strong optical injection of the ground state is presented. Injection induced switching between two longitudinal modes of the ground state is also presented in the ground state only regime.
We study the impact of weak dispersive optical feedback on the intensity noise of semiconductor lasers by using two-mode quantum Langevin equations with nonlinear gain and loss. The nonlinear gain arises due to spectral hole-burning and population pulsation and the nonlinear loss arises from saturable absorption by deep trap levels. We find that both the total noise and the main mode noise can be reduced with weak dispersive optical feedback; for moderate side mode suppression ratio, the main mode noise can be reduced by as much as 10 dB. Furthermore, the AM noise spectrum is found to be sensitive to the feedback phase.