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Applied Optics and Photonics China: Optoelectronics and Micro/Nano-Optics (AOPC)

Coherent field-controlled rectification in one-dimension waveguide coupling to three-level atoms system

Xiangyang Yu, Yongjie Li, Longzhao Lu

Published Oct 24, 2017• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We study the dynamics of the single-photon pulse (SPP) propagating through a pair of V-type three-level atoms coupled to a one-dimensional (1D) waveguide. The time evolutions of the two atoms can be influenced by the phase difference of the two external fields driving the atoms. We show that the SPP unidirectional propagation in the 1D waveguide can be controlled by the phase difference of the two external fields, and the rectifying efficiency increases as the bandwidth of the SPP decreases. The system can serve as the basis of all-optical devices, such as optical diode, optical isolator and optical rectifier.

DOI
10.1117/12.2284679

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We study the dynamics of the single-photon pulse (SPP) propagating through a pair of V-type three-level atoms coupled to a one-dimensional (1D) waveguide. The time evolutions of the two atoms can be influenced by the phase difference of the two external fields driving the atoms. We show that the SPP unidirectional propagation in the 1D waveguide can be controlled by the phase difference of the two external fields, and the rectifying efficiency increases as the bandwidth of the SPP decreases. The system can serve as the basis of all-optical devices, such as optical diode, optical isolator and optical rectifier.
Derived from the time-dependent Schrödinger equation, we study the single-photon pulse (SPP) propagation through a pair of V-type three-level atoms coupled to a one-dimensional (1D) waveguide. Our results demonstrate that the rectification and the directional emission can be achieved and controlled by the phase difference between two external fields in the system under the proper conditions. Furthermore, we investigate the impact of Rabi frequency, interatomic distance, the detuning between the SPP and the atoms, and the SPP bandwidth on the rectification and the directional emission. We treat the system as a quantum interferometer to explain the rectification and the directional emission. The system has a potential application to be the basis of all-optical devices such as a diode, isolator, modulator, or emitter for the quantum information.
One of the challenges faced by optical platforms for quantum technologies is the implementation of (ultimately) a transistor. The functionality that is hard to achieve is rectification: having the beam propagating in one direction transmitted, the other reflected. Here we take up a simple model of such a rectifying device, a.k.a.~optical diode, consisting of two atoms with different detuning interacting with light in a one-dimensional waveguide. In previous studies, it was found that high rectifying efficiencies can be achieved with coherent states, while it was claimed that the device cannot rectify single-photon Fock states. In this paper, we clarify the functioning of this diode. Notably, we show that coherences across the Fock bases in the input state do not play any role, and thence the rectifying properties of the device depend only on its behavior on the Fock states. In the process, we show that some single-photon rectification is predicted when the limit of infinitely-long pulses is not taken.
The area of waveguide quantum electrodynamics plays a signi cant role in many quantum technology applications. Photonic waveguides can be used to coherently transport photon pulses and can also efficiently increase the light-matter interaction strength. The work is done by Shen and Fan [1, 2] on the propagation of a photon pulse in a 1-D waveguide coupled to a single two-level emitter shows that a photon pulse can undergo complete reflection or transmission through the waveguide by controlling the coupling strength between the atom and the guided photon. We propose a V-type atomic system embedded in a 1-D waveguide and study the properties of an incoming photon pulse in the waveguide. We show that the driving field, which couples one of the atomic transitions, can be used as a controlling parameter to allow the photon pulse to be reflected or transmitted through the waveguide. As there reflection and transmission of the incident photon pulse can be externally controlled in our system, in comparison to the system suggested by Shen and Fan [1, 2], the proposed system in this thesis is more practiced than the system [1, 2]
Coherent manipulation of a single photon’s propagation behaviors is investigated theoretically through fully utilizing the external coherent driving fields exerted into a one-dimensional optical waveguide system with multiple three-level Λ-type periodically arrayed atoms. It is explicitly shown that the transmission amplitude can be changed arbitrarily and dramatically between one and zero as well as maintain a large-scale steady threshold by constructing the corresponding transition pathways. This characteristic presented above demonstrates that the external controllable tool can perform efficiently as a useful large-scale functional gate to engineer the photon’s propagation behavior such as determinedly targeting its travelling direction, which could have some potential applications in the multi-dimensional quantum network.
One of the missing elements for realising an integrated optical circuit is a rectifying device playing the role of an optical diode. A proposal based on a pair of two-level atoms strongly coupled to a one-dimensional waveguide showed a promising behavior based on a semiclassical study [Fratini et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 243601 (2014)]. Our study in the full quantum regime shows that, in such a device, rectification is a purely multiphoton effect. For an input field in a coherent state, rectification reaches up to 7070%70 for the range of power in which one of the two atoms is excited, but not both.
By using a fully quantum approach based on an input-output formulation of the stochastic Schr\"odinger equation, we show rectification of radiation fields in a one-dimensional waveguide doped with a pair of ideal two-level systems for three topical cases: classical driving, under the action of noise, and single-photon pulsed excitation. We show that even under the constant action of unwanted noise the device still operates effectively as an optical isolator, which is of critical importance for noise resistance. Finally, harnessing stimulated emission allows for nonreciprocal behavior for single-photon inputs, thus showing purely quantum rectification at the single-photon level. The latter is a considerable step towards the ultimate goal of devising an unconditional quantum rectifier for arbitrary quantum states.