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Physical Review A

Data processing inequality and open quantum systems: Beyond Markov states

Aysenur Turkmen, Abdullah Verçin, S. Yılmaz

Published Oct 17, 2017• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Using a tripartite framework consisting of an open quantum system, its environment, and a passive reference system, in this study we discuss quantum mutual information (QMI) and data processing inequality (DPI). Without any restriction on the initial correlations, the necessary and sufficient conditions for the decrease or increase as well as for the conservation of QMI are obtained for any joint unitary evolution of the open quantum system and its environment. In the special case of the input Markov states, it has been shown that as long as the tripartite input state is a Markov state then DPI holds for every joint unitary evolution even in the presence of initial correlations encoded in the input. We also point out that the converse of the last statement, that is, sufficiency of the existence of a local quantum channel or of the fulfillment of DPI for the input Markov state does not hold in general and this fact is exhibited by counterexamples.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.96.042112

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Using a tripartite framework consisting of an open quantum system, its environment, and a passive reference system, in this study we discuss quantum mutual information (QMI) and data processing inequality (DPI). Without any restriction on the initial correlations, the necessary and sufficient conditions for the decrease or increase as well as for the conservation of QMI are obtained for any joint unitary evolution of the open quantum system and its environment. In the special case of the input Markov states, it has been shown that as long as the tripartite input state is a Markov state then DPI holds for every joint unitary evolution even in the presence of initial correlations encoded in the input. We also point out that the converse of the last statement, that is, sufficiency of the existence of a local quantum channel or of the fulfillment of DPI for the input Markov state does not hold in general and this fact is exhibited by counterexamples.
We show that complete positivity is not only sufficient but also necessary for the validity of the quantum data-processing inequality. As a consequence, the reduced dynamics of a quantum system are completely positive, even in the presence of initial correlations with its surrounding environment, if and only if such correlations do not allow any anomalous backward flow of information from the environment to the system. Our approach provides an intuitive information-theoretic framework to unify and extend a number of previous results.
Quantum error correction is studied in a framework consisting of an open quantum system and its environment, jointly subjected to a unitary action, and an interaction-free reference system. It has been shown that coherent information between the initially correlated open system and reference system is conserved in the transmission stage of any quantum communication process, provided that the tripartite input is any pure Markov state and the overall evolution preserves its form. This conservation constitutes the necessary and sufficient condition for accomplishment of perfect error correction by a recovery channel even in the presence of initial system-environment correlations. Explicit expressions of the recovery operators and examples of the joint unitary evolution preserving the form of inputs are given for all classes of pure Markov states.
We show that complete positivity is not only sufficient but also necessary for the validity of the quantum data-processing inequality. As a consequence, the reduced dynamics of a quantum system are completely positive, even in the presence of initial correlations with its surrounding environment, if and only if such correlations do not allow any anomalous backward flow of information from the environment to the system. Our approach provides an intuitive information-theoretic framework to unify and extend a number of previous results.
The strength of quantum correlations is bounded from above by Tsirelson's bound. We establish a connection between this bound and the fact that correlations between two systems cannot increase under local operations, a property known as the data processing inequality (DPI). More specifically, we consider arbitrary convex probabilistic theories. These can be equipped with an entropy measure that naturally generalizes the von Neumann entropy, as shown recently in Short and Wehner (2010 New J. Phys. 12 033023) and Barnum et al (2010 New J. Phys. 12 033024). We prove that if the DPI holds with respect to this generalized entropy measure then the underlying theory necessarily respects Tsirelson's bound. We, moreover, generalize this statement to any entropy measure satisfying certain minimal requirements. A consequence of our result is that not all the entropic relations used for deriving Tsirelson's bound via information causality in Pawlowski et al (2009 Nature 461 1101–4) are necessary.
In information theory, the data processing inequality is a fundamental property that describes the loss of information through noisy channels. A more refined description is given by the strong data processing inequality (SDPI) for a fixed channel and a full-rank reference state. In classical information theory, the strong data processing inequality tensorizes for a large family of fff-divergences. However, its quantum counterpart remains largely unexplored. Tensorization of SDPI has previously been shown only for some special cases, and whether it holds more generally for quantum divergences still remains open. In this work, we report two negative results: the tensorization property fails for certain quantum chi-square divergences, and it also does not hold for the quantum relative entropy.