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EPJ Web of Conferences

Effects of manifestations of the initial quantum correlations in the coherent scattering of the atom in the standing wave

Andrew I. Trubilko

Published Jan 1, 2017• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Some effects of the initial quantum correlations between the atom and the quantum mode of the standing wave of electromagnetic field in the condition of coherent scattering are considered.
DOI
10.1051/epjconf/201716102028

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Coherent scattering of a two-level atom in the field of a quantized standing wave of a micromaser is considered under conditions of initial quantum correlation between the atom and the field. Such a correlation can be produced by a broadband parametric source. The interaction leading to scattering of the atom from the nonuniform field occurs in the dispersion limit or in the wing of the absorption line of the atom. Apart from the quantized field, the atom simultaneously interacts with two classical counterpropagating waves with different frequencies, which are acting in the plane perpendicular to the atom’s propagation velocity and to the wavevector of the standing wave. Joint action of the quantized field and two classical waves induces effective two-photon and Raman resonance interaction on the working transition. The effective Hamiltonian of the interaction is derived using the unitary transformation method developed for a moving atom. A strong effect is detected, which makes it possible to distinguish the correlated initial state of the atom and the field in the scattering of atom from the state of independent systems. For all three waves, scattering is not observed when systems with quantum correlation are prepared using a high-intensity parametric source. Conversely, when the atom interacts only with the nonuniform field of the standing wave, scattering is not observed in the case of the initial factorized state.
The scattering of an atom in the field of counterpropagating light waves is studied under conditions such that the state of the atom is a superposition of the ground and excited states. For the case in which this superposition is created by the field of a traveling wave, the momentum distribution function of the atom after scattering by a standing wave is found analytically in the approximation of a short interaction time, when the atom’s motion can be neglected. Longer interactions of the atom with the field are studied numerically. We also consider the case of counterpropagating light waves consisting of Gaussian or supergaussian pulses.
Effects of quantum deviation of a two-level atom at coherent scattering on an inhomogeneous optical potential created by crossed electromagnetic fields are considered. The region of interaction is formed by a lowfrequency quantized standing wave from a micromaser and a coherent traveling optical wave generated by an optical fiber located inside a cavity. The atom interacts with both fields under the conditions of two-photon two-wave resonance. It is shown that two effects of quantum deviation of translational motion of the atom can be observed. Interaction with the standing wave is caused under these conditions by a harmonic potential the character of scattering of the atom on which depends significantly on the initial conditions of preparation of the atom and quantized mode. The other effect—deviation of the atom by the classical traveling wave—is also completely quantum mechanical under these conditions and is produced by the noncommutative contribution of the kinetic energy operator of the atom and the interaction energy.
The role of the initial state preparation of the coherent diffraction of atoms in the field of a standing wave is considered. It is shown that the time evolution of the atomic wave packet with a Gaussian initial momentum distribution of amplitudes, due to the constructive quantum- mechanical interference, occurs practically without transformation of the initial Gaussian form. Depending on the phases of the initial momentum distribution components, the increment of the atomic momentum can vary from the maximum possible amount (determined by the limiting speed of stimulated photon re-emission acts) to zero. Consequently, for Gaussian atoms the standing wave presents an effective mirror with controllable reflection angle.