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Electrons Are Fixed Position

Seamus McCelt

Published Oct 1, 2017• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

Notice they way a lot of molecules tend to form tetrahedrally? A tetrahedron is the opposite diagonal corners of a cube. And the reason being: electrons form a thread-mesh-type cage around the nucleus. Certain sizes are of course the 8 corners of a cube -- that's what the octet rule is and how it happens. It also explains Pi bonds, Sigma bonds and all atomic structures. A lot of atoms and molecules have a bond angle of exactly 109.4712° (degrees). That's tetrahedral. -- corners of the cube. That is NOT probability. It is NOT a cloud. It is NOT a blur. It is NOT uncertainty. It is NOT counterintuitive. IT IS EXACT. Electrons DO NOT have any probability or uncertainty involved Electrons actually are something but everyone mistakenly thinks the vibration travelling around the thread is the electron -- that's what has caused all the confusion. The electron is conveying vibrations but the material it is made from (quantum threads) are NOT moving.. EXAMPLE: Think guitar string -- the string itself would be the electron but everyone thinks the vibration or note is the electron. That is why there is all kinds of probability and uncertainty -- the vibration is traveling around a spherical thread mesh cage -- where exactly is the vibration? No way to know for sure. Got that? The electron has exact position. The vibration position is of course unknown. NOTE: Heisenberg would be OK with this. A vibration of course has uncertain position

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Notice they way a lot of molecules tend to form tetrahedrally?
A tetrahedron is the opposite diagonal corners of a cube.
And the reason being: electrons form a thread-mesh-type cage around the nucleus. Certain sizes are of course the 8 corners of a cube -- that's what the octet rule is and how it happens. It also explains Pi bonds, Sigma bonds and all atomic structures.
A lot of atoms and molecules have a bond angle of exactly 109.4712° (degrees). That's tetrahedral. -- corners of the cube.
That is NOT probability.
It is NOT a cloud.
It is NOT a blur.
It is NOT uncertainty.
It is NOT counterintuitive.
IT IS EXACT.
Electrons DO NOT have any probability or uncertainty involved
Electrons actually are something but everyone mistakenly thinks the vibration travelling around the thread is the electron -- that's what has caused all the confusion.
The electron is conveying vibrations but the material it is made from (quantum threads) are NOT moving..
EXAMPLE: Think guitar string -- the string itself would be the electron but everyone thinks the vibration or note is the electron.
That is why there is all kinds of probability and uncertainty -- the vibration is traveling around a spherical thread mesh cage -- where exactly is the vibration? No way to know for sure.
Got that? The electron has exact position. The vibration position is of course unknown.
NOTE: Heisenberg would be OK with this. A vibration of course has uncertain position
Quantum uncertainty Spin I want to start this section with a description of particle spin. In addition to the usual properties of mass, charge, position and velocity, particles have a further parameter which describes their state of rotation. Physicists call this ‘spin’. We have already seen that in quantum physics it is impossible to measure simultaneously, in a precise way, both speed and position (recall the Heisenberg uncertainty relations). The same considerations apply to spin, which cannot be absolutely determined with arbitrary precision. The things that we can in principle find out are the rate of rotation (that is, the number of revolutions per second) and the component of this rotation in a given direction in space (for example, the angle of the axis of rotation relative to the direction of motion). It is important to understand that these two knowable quantities can take only certain quantised values. This is an aspect of quantum physics that we have already encountered when describing wave motion. We can use as an analogy the stable vibrations that can be sustained on a piano string: the basic note is generated when the centre of the string vibrates to its maximum extent while the two ends are (necessarily) fixed.
The process of observation disturbs the thing being observed and that disturbance might possibly affect other observations. Heisenberg showed that simultaneous measurements of an electron's position and its momentum interfere with each other and thus induce essential uncertainties into those measurements. Quantum mechanics represents the behavior of electrons around nuclei in terms of mathematical constructs called wave functions, or orbitals, which contain all possible information about the electron. The square of the wave function gives the probability of finding the electron in a given region of space. For mathematical reasons, physicists and chemists almost always use the abstract concept of wavefunctions (orbitals), rather than that of electron probability clouds, to describe electrons. The distribution of probability within a probability cloud is not uniform. For some, the greatest probability is near, or even at, the nucleus
The results of Bohr model can be used to explain the motion of macroscopic objects or big objects (like orbiting planets and sun, falling stone etc.). These macroscopic objects have essentially a particle nature and Newtonian laws of motion can be applied on them. But it fails when applied to explain the motion of microscopic objects or small objects (like electrons, atoms, molecules etc.). This is because: According to Bohr model, an orbit is a well-defined path and this path can completely be defined only if both the position and velocity of the electron are known exactly at the same time. But this is not possible according to the Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. Thus, Bohr model contradicts the Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle . According to Bohr model, an electron is regarded as a charged particle moving in well-defined circular orbits concentric about the nucleus. The wave character of the electron is not considered. Thus, Bohr model ignores the de-Broglie dual nature of matter .
The results of Bohr model can be used to explain the motion of macroscopic objects or big objects (like orbiting planets and sun, falling stone etc.). These macroscopic objects have essentially a particle nature and Newtonian laws of motion can be applied on them. But it fails when applied to explain the motion of microscopic objects or small objects (like electrons, atoms, molecules etc.). This is because: According to Bohr model, an orbit is a well-defined path and this path can completely be defined only if both the position and velocity of the electron are known exactly at the same time. But this is not possible according to the Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle. Thus, Bohr model contradicts the Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle . According to Bohr model, an electron is regarded as a charged particle moving in well-defined circular orbits concentric about the nucleus. The wave character of the electron is not considered. Thus, Bohr model ignores the de-Broglie dual nature of matter .
Some preliminaries We have, until now, thought of atoms as tiny hard spheres that feel a force of attraction towards one another. We ignored the fact that an atom consists of a nucleus surrounded by one or more electrons. If we stopped at this, we would make little progress towards understanding the properties of solids, other than that the atoms may form crystals. We must therefore go on and take a look at the internal structure of the atom itself, and see how this changes when the atom is surrounded by other atoms in a crystal. We shall then find that we need a description that is somewhat removed from our everyday experience. There is a name for this description, quantum mechanics : mechanics, because it deals with the motion of objects, and quantum, because features of the motion, such as energy, are quantized , meaning that they can only have any one of a set of distinct values, and no other value in between. Imagine for example a car which is so constructed that it can travel only at speeds of 10, or 50, or 100 km per hour, and not at any other speed. Then we could say that the speed of the car is quantized. This idea of quantization is something alien to our usual way of thinking. After all, a car is able to go at any speed we like up to its maximum speed.
An atom consists of a nucleus, containing protons and neutrons, with various electrons swarming around the outskirts. The electrons are held in the vicinity of the nucleus as they are negatively charged and hence attracted by the positively charged protons. Although atoms are complicated objects, there are certain situations where they can be treated as simple lumps of matter. Their internal structure has no relevance to the details of what is happening. This sort of situation is exemplified by experiments in which atoms are deliberately smashed into one another at comparatively low energy and as such provide an ideal start in a study of the quantum physics of identical particles. When we are dealing with atoms, there is something more to being ‘identical’ than we can appreciate with larger-scale objects. Atoms of the same type are really identical, measurably identical if you like, which can make a considerable difference in some physically important situations.