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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Laser cooling with three-level cascade transitions: calculations for group I and II atoms

Cruz Flavio, Michael Lee Sundheimer, Wictor C. Magno

Published Mar 3, 2014• 0 citations
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Abstract We analyze laser cooling of two-electron atoms with three-level cascade transitions, involving the usual 1 S 0 – 1 P 1 cooling transition coupled to either 1 S 0 or 1 D 2 states. We numerically calculate minimum temperatures for the most abundant even isotopes of group II atoms and ytterbium (which lack hyperfine structure), derive general analytical expressions from a perturbative approach, and discuss the experimental implementation of the technique. Considered as an alternative 2nd stage technique to intercombination line cooling, three-level cooling is clearly advantageous for light elements, such as Mg and Ca, while for all elements provides much higher capture ranges, increasing the transfer efficiency from the 1st stage cooling, with faster cooling times and sub-Doppler temperatures.
We employ semiclassical theoretical analysis to study laser cooling of free atoms using three-level cascade transitions, where the upper transition is much weaker than the lower one. This represents an alternate cooling scheme, particularly useful for group II atoms. We find that temperatures below the Doppler limits associated with each of these transitions are expected. The lowest temperatures arise from a remarkable increase in damping and reduced diffusion compared to two-level cooling. They are reached at the two-photon resonance, where there is a crossing between the narrow and the partially dark dressed states, and can be estimated simply by the usual Doppler limit considering the decay rate of the optical coherence between these states.