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Sensor Electronics and Microsystem Technologies

SPECTROSCOPY OF ATOMS IN A STRONG LASER FIELD: NEW METHOD TO SENSING AC STARK EFFECT, MULTIPHOTON RESONANCES PARAMETERS AND IONIZATION CROSS-SECTIONS

В. В. Буяджи, О. В. Глушков, Valery F. Mansarliysky, Г. В. Ігнатенко, А. А. Свинаренко

Published Oct 1, 2015• 21 citations

Abstract

The resonant multiphoton resonances shifts and widths and ionization cross-sections for multielectron atoms in a intense laser radiation field are studied. It is carried out a new consistent approach to atom in a strong realistic laser field, based on the relativistic energy formalism (S-matrix adiabatic formalism), relativistic Dirac equation Green function method and relativistic many-body perturbation theory with the Dirac-Kohn-Sham zeroth approximation. In relativistic theory, the Gell-Mann and Low adiabatic formula for energy shift is connected with electrodynamical scattering matrice, which includes interaction with as a laser field as a photon vacuum field (radiative decay). The optimized basis of the relativistic orbitals is generated with using a minimization procedure for the gauge-non-invariant contribution (the fourth-order of the QED perturbation theory) to the radiation width of atomic state. An approach to treating the multiphoton atomic processes is outlined on example of H, Cs, Kr,Mg etc. Analysis shows that the shift and width of the multi-photon resonance line for the interaction “atom- multimode laser pulse” is greater than the corresponding shift and width for a case of the “atom- single-mode pulse” (the Lorenz pulse model) interaction. From the physical point of view it is naturally provided by action of the photon-correlation effects and influence of the laser pulse multi-modity.

DOI: 10.18524/1815-7459.2015.4.107787

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The resonant multiphoton resonances shifts and widths and ionization cross-sections for multielectron atoms in a intense laser radiation field are studied. It is carried out a new consistent approach to atom in a strong realistic laser field, based on the relativistic energy formalism (S-matrix adiabatic formalism), relativistic Dirac equation Green function method and relativistic many-body perturbation theory with the Dirac-Kohn-Sham zeroth approximation. In relativistic theory, the Gell-Mann and Low adiabatic formula for energy shift is connected with electrodynamical scattering matrice, which includes interaction with as a laser field as a photon vacuum field (radiative decay). The optimized basis of the relativistic orbitals is generated with using a minimization procedure for the gauge-non-invariant contribution (the fourth-order of the QED perturbation theory) to the radiation width of atomic state. An approach to treating the multiphoton atomic processes is outlined on example of H, Cs, Kr,Mg etc. Analysis shows that the shift and width of the multi-photon resonance line for the interaction “atom- multimode laser pulse” is greater than the corresponding shift and width for a case of the “atom- single-mode pulse” (the Lorenz pulse model) interaction. From the physical point of view it is naturally provided by action of the photon-correlation effects and influence of the laser pulse multi-modity.

The consistent relativistic energy approach to the finite Fermi-systems (atoms and nuclei) in a strong realistic laser field is presented and applied to computing the multiphoton resonances parameters in some atoms and nuclei. The approach is based on the Gell-Mann and Low S-matrix formalism, multiphoton resonance lines moments technique and advanced Ivanov-Ivanova algorithm of calculating the Green's function of the Dirac equation. The data for multiphoton resonance width and shift for the Cs atom and the 57 Fe nucleus in dependence upon the laser intensity are listed.

A nonperturbative analysis is given for an

n

-level atom or molecule dressed by a Stark field and in single-photon or multiphoton (near) resonant interaction with coherent optical field modes, which may be intense. All the field amplitudes and phases may have nonadiabatic time variation. New formulas for probability amplitudes of states with finite lifetimes are given for atom-field levels swept or optical Stark shifted through resonance or into close approach. One of these includes the Landau-Zener formula as a special case. Power broadening is contained in these formulas. They are useful for both weak- and strong-field interaction. Further, it is shown that many familiar single-photon coherent transient phenomena have their analogs in the intense-field and the multiphoton domains. Two new effects, pulse-shape dependence in final transition probability and population inversion due to the nonadiabatic passage of an asymmetric pulse, are demonstrated with numerical results for the process $\mathrm{Na}(3s)+2\ensuremath{\hbar}\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{Na}(5s)$. Finally, double resonance (single-photon and/or multiphoton) is analyzed, with discussion of adiabatic following and a derivation of a formula for level crossing. Generalization of an earlier procedure for solving the adiabatic eigenvalue problem of the whole atom-field system is given.

The non linear interaction between an intense laser radiation and atoms leads to ionization through the absorption of N photons from the laser radiation via laser-induced virtual states. The multiphoton ionization rate varies as a function of the laser intensity I as IN. We discuss the two most important effects which govern multiphoton ionization processes : resonance effects and laser-coherence effects. In a moderate laser intensity range (107 - 109 W cm-2) corresponding to the two, three or four-photon ionization of atoms, resonance effects play a dominant role while the photon statistics of the laser radiation are relatively unimportant. On the contrary, in the very high intensity range (1012 - 1013 W cm-2) required to observe large Nth - order ionization processes, coherence effects play a dominant role through N! enhancement in the N-photon ionization rate, while resonance effects are completely damped due to the high laser intensity. We conclude by reviewing the possible applications of multiphoton absorption processes in other fields.