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Quantum Information and Measurement (QIM)

Solid state source of non-classical multimode photon pairs with controllable delay

Kutlu Kutluer, Margherita Mazzera, Hugues de Riedmatten

Published Jan 1, 2017• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The process of storing information carried by single photons demands strong light-matter interaction. While interfacing single photon sources with quantum memories is still challenging, a possible short-cut by combining source and memory in the same ensemble was proposed by Duan, Lukin, Cirac, and Zoller (DLCZ) [1]. It is already a quite common protocol in cold atomic ensemble QMs, however it is very demanding to realize in solid state systems. Here we demonstrate for the first time a DLCZ-type memory with a rare-earth ion-doped crystal (REIC) with photon counting, directly applicable to the well-known quantum repeater schemes which works with QMs. We find second order cross correlation values up to 21±4 and violate Cauchy-Schwarz equality by R = 44 ± 20. Although the original DLCZ protocol does not support temporal multi-modality, we store 11 temporal modes thanks to a modified scheme in which we combine the DLCZ and the Atomic Frequency Comb protocols. Generating and storing non-classical multiplexed photon pairs with a single scheme in a REIC paves the way of making scalable, solid-state quantum repeater architectures.

DOI
10.1364/qim.2017.qt2c.3

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The process of storing information carried by single photons demands strong light-matter interaction. While interfacing single photon sources with quantum memories is still challenging, a possible short-cut by combining source and memory in the same ensemble was proposed by Duan, Lukin, Cirac, and Zoller (DLCZ) [1]. It is already a quite common protocol in cold atomic ensemble QMs, however it is very demanding to realize in solid state systems. Here we demonstrate for the first time a DLCZ-type memory with a rare-earth ion-doped crystal (REIC) with photon counting, directly applicable to the well-known quantum repeater schemes which works with QMs. We find second order cross correlation values up to 21±4 and violate Cauchy-Schwarz equality by R = 44 ± 20. Although the original DLCZ protocol does not support temporal multi-modality, we store 11 temporal modes thanks to a modified scheme in which we combine the DLCZ and the Atomic Frequency Comb protocols. Generating and storing non-classical multiplexed photon pairs with a single scheme in a REIC paves the way of making scalable, solid-state quantum repeater architectures.
The process of storing information carried by single photons demands strong light-matter interaction. While interfacing single photon sources with quantum memories is still challenging, a possible short-cut by combining source and memory in the same ensemble was proposed by Duan, Lukin, Cirac, and Zoller (DLCZ) [1]. It is already a quite common protocol in cold atomic ensemble QMs, however it is very demanding to realize in solid state systems. Here we demonstrate for the first time a DLCZ-type memory with a rare-earth ion-doped crystal (REIC) with photon counting, directly applicable to the well-known quantum repeater schemes which works with QMs. We find second order cross correlation values up to 21±4 and violate Cauchy-Schwarz equality by R = 44 ± 20. Although the original DLCZ protocol does not support temporal multi-modality, we store 11 temporal modes thanks to a modified scheme in which we combine the DLCZ and the Atomic Frequency Comb protocols. Generating and storing non-classical multiplexed photon pairs with a single scheme in a REIC paves the way of making scalable, solid-state quantum repeater architectures.
We propose a quantum repeater protocol which builds on the well-known Duan-Lukin-Cirac-Zoller (DLCZ) protocol [L. M. Duan, M. D. Lukin, J. I. Cirac, and P. Zoller, Nature (London) 414, 413 (2001)10.1038/35106500], but which uses photon pair sources in combination with memories that allow to store a large number of temporal modes. We suggest to realize such multimode memories based on the principle of photon echo, using solids doped with rare-earth-metal ions. The use of multimode memories promises a speedup in entanglement generation by several orders of magnitude and a significant reduction in stability requirements compared to the DLCZ protocol.
The generation and distribution of quantum correlations between photonic qubits is a key resource in quantum information science. For applications in quantum networks and quantum repeaters, it is required that these quantum correlations be stored in a quantum memory. In 2001, Duan, Lukin, Cirac, and Zoller (DLCZ) proposed a scheme combining a correlated photon-pair source and a quantum memory in atomic gases, which has enabled fast progress towards elementary quantum networks. In this Letter, we demonstrate a solid-state source of correlated photon pairs with embedded spin-wave quantum memory, using a rare-earth-ion-doped crystal. We show strong quantum correlations between the photons, high enough for performing quantum communication. Unlike the original DLCZ proposal, our scheme is inherently multimode thanks to a built-in rephasing mechanism, allowing us to demonstrate storage of 11 temporal modes. These results represent an important step towards the realization of complex quantum networks architectures using solid-state resources.
The realization of quantum networks and quantum repeaters remains an outstanding challenge in quantum communication. These rely on the entanglement of remote matter systems, which in turn requires the creation of quantum correlations between a single photon and a matter system. A practical way to establish such correlations is via spontaneous Raman scattering in atomic ensembles, known as the Duan-Lukin-Cirac-Zoller (DLCZ) scheme. However, time multiplexing is inherently difficult using this method, which leads to low communication rates even in theory. Moreover, it is desirable to find solid-state ensembles where such matter-photon correlations could be generated. Here we demonstrate quantum correlations between a single photon and a spin excitation in up to 12 temporal modes, in a ^{151}Eu^{3+}-doped Y_{2}SiO_{5} crystal, using a novel DLCZ approach that is inherently multimode. After a storage time of 1 ms, the spin excitation is converted into a second photon. The quantum correlation of the generated photon pair is verified by violating a Cauchy-Schwarz inequality. Our results show that solid-state rare-earth-ion-doped crystals could be used to generate remote multimode entanglement, an important resource for future quantum networks.
The faithful storage and coherent manipulation of single photon state in a matter-system are crucial for linear-optical quantum computation, long-distance quantum communication, and quantum networking.To reach useful data rate in a large-scale quantum network, highly multimode quantum memories are required to build a multiplexed quantum repeater.Rare-earth-ion doped crystal (REIC) is very promising material as a candidate for multimode quantum storage due to the wide inhomogeneous broadening and long optical coherence time.In this article, we review the recent advances in multimode quantum memories based on REICs.First, we briefly introduce the properties of REIC and the atomic frequency comb protocol based on REIC.Next, we review the achievements of multimode quantum memories based on REIC in recent years, including frequency, temporal and spatial multimode storage.Afterwards, we review our experimental work on multiplexed storage based on a multiple degree-of-freedom quantum memory.Finally, we introduce the quantum mode converter and real-time arbitrary manipulations based on the multiple degree-of-freedom quantum memory. The combination of storage and real-time manipulation in a device should enable the construction of a versatility quantum repeater.This review highlights that multimode quantum memories based on REIC can be found to possess some practical applications in developing the optical quantum information processing in the near future.
The Duan-Lukin-Cirac-Zoller (DLCZ) scheme is a potential method to establish remote entanglements and realize large-scale quantum networks. Here we propose a DLCZ-like scheme based on the noiseless photon echo in rare-earth ion-doped crystals. Correlated photon pairs with a controllable delay can be created by the direct optical rephasing. Theoretical analysis indicates that the protocol is efficient in the low-optical-depth regime. This protocol could be feasibly implemented to establish long-lived quantum correlations between a photon and a spin-wave excitation in rare-earth ion-doped crystals.