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Frontiers in Optics

The entangled quantum photons generation in whispering gallery mode resonator in silica microsphere

Jing-Ming Cao, Jolly Xiaver

Published Jan 1, 2017• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The modeled and fabricated apparatus to generate the nonclassic light source of entangled quantum photons in the normal dispersion regime by the enhanced higher quality factor in waveguide of silica microsphere in modern optics applications.
DOI
10.1364/fio.2017.jw3a.16

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We manipulated the simulation and apparatus to generate the entangled quantum photons by the enhanced higher quality factor in waveguide of whispering gallery mode resonator in silica microsphere. As the several nonlinear optics effects have been validated in micro-disk (lithium niobate materials based), others micro-cavity (microfiber and micro ring on the chip) and second harmonic generation (SHG) on the surface of silica microsphere because of the characterization of enhanced higher quality factor Q and smaller volume mode in these resonator. However until now for the second third nonlinearity of spontaneous parametric down conversion (SPDC), third order nonlinearity of spontaneous parametric down conversion (TOSPDC) and spontaneous four wave mixing (SFWM) in whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonator of silica microsphere rarely have not been fully investigated and verified to generate the triple and pair entangled photons where are widely applied on the applications of biosensor, quantum communications and spectroscopy, respectively. Specially, the features of silica microsphere have attracted many applications due to the simple fabrication, simplified materials melted by silica fiber. The work we demonstrated in this paper based on the breaking of the dispersion rules to make perfect phase matching in normal dispersion in silica microsphere depending on the blue laser spectrum in visible spectrum, then manipulated the modified size of microsphere to detune the pump laser of free spectral range (FSR) and both shift the geometrical dispersion are characterized in the variation of FSR given by (see PDF for equation), where n is refractive index, R is the microspheres radius and m is mode numbers in resonator, to compensate the materials dispersion given by (see PDF for equation), where c is the speed of light and λ is pump laser wavelength to fulfill the perfect phase matching in parametric down conversion regimes and the modeling fabrication coupling results also will be presented.
Summary form only given, as follows: The high Q whispering gallery modes of silica microspheres are promising for quantum optics and nonlinear optics experiments involving atoms and photons stored in very small volumes. We have developed the technology of these resonators, learning how to couple light in and out through optical fibers, how to obtain and measure record Q factors, and how to probe, by near-field optical microscopy, the electric field distribution immediately outside the sphere. Whispering gallery mode lasers have also been obtained with microspheres made of silica doped with neodymium ions. We describe these experiments and discuss projects involving the coupling of whispering gallery modes to single atoms or ions to perform cavity QED experiments in the optical domain.
Coupling nanocrystals (quantum dots) to a high-QQQ whispering gallery mode (WGM) of a silica microsphere, can produce a strong coherent interaction between the WGM and the electronic states of the dots. Shifting the resonance frequencies of the dots, for instance by placing the entire system in an electric potential, then allows this interaction to be controlled, permitting entangling interactions between different dots in a way analogous to the ion-trap computer of Cirac and Zoller. Thus, a more advanced system of this type could potentially be used to implement a simple quantum computer.
High- and ultrahigh-Q whispering-gallery mode resonators have the capability to trap photons by total internal reflection for a duration ranging from nanoseconds to milliseconds. These exceptionally long photon lifetimes enhance the light–matter interactions at all scales, namely at the electronic, molecular, and lattice levels. As a consequence, nonlinear photon scattering can be triggered with very low threshold powers, down to a few microwatts. The possibility to efficiently harness photon–photon interactions with a system optimizing size, weight, power, and cost constraints has created a new, quickly thriving research area in photonics science and technology. This topic is inherently cross-disciplinary, as it stands at the intersection of nonlinear and quantum optics, crystallography, optoelectronics, and microwave photonics. From a fundamental perspective, high-Q whispering-gallery mode resonators have emerged as an ideal platform to investigate light–matter interactions in nonlinear bulk materials. From an applied viewpoint, technological applications include time-metrology, aerospace engineering, coherent optical fiber communications, or nonclassical light generation, among others. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the most recent advances in this area, which is increasingly gaining importance in contemporary photonics.