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Quantum Communications and Quantum Imaging

Applications of photon-number-resolving measurements for quantum interferometry and quantum state tomography (Conference Presentation)

Olivier Pfister, Aye Win, Rajveer Nehra, Sae Woo Nam, Thomas Gerrits

Published Sep 19, 2017• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Photon-number-resolving measurements allow one to address quantum optics from the corpuscular angle of quantum physics. A number of classically non-intuitive features are typically expected from working in the photon-number Fock eigenbasis, such as nonpositive Wigner functions. In this talk, we report on the progress of two applications of photon-number-resolving measurements in quantum optics: quantum interferometry with photon-subtracted twin beams and quantum state tomography of Fock states created by heralded parametric downconversion.

DOI
10.1117/12.2275663

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Photon-number-resolving measurements allow one to address quantum optics from the corpuscular angle of quantum physics. A number of classically non-intuitive features are typically expected from working in the photon-number Fock eigenbasis, such as nonpositive Wigner functions. In this talk, we report on the progress of two applications of photon-number-resolving measurements in quantum optics: quantum interferometry with photon-subtracted twin beams and quantum state tomography of Fock states created by heralded parametric downconversion.
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Abstract Quantum phenomena such as entanglement can improve fundamental limits on the sensitivity of a measurement probe. In optical interferometry, a probe consisting of N entangled photons provides up to a N\sqrt{N}N​ N enhancement in phase sensitivity compared to a classical probe of the same energy. Here, we employ high-gain parametric down-conversion sources and photon-number-resolving detectors to perform interferometry with heralded quantum probes of sizes up to N = 8 (i.e. measuring up to 16-photon coincidences). Our probes are created by injecting heralded photon-number states into an interferometer, and in principle provide quantum-enhanced phase sensitivity even in the presence of significant optical loss. Our work paves the way toward quantum-enhanced interferometry using large entangled photonic states.
We study the application of photon-subtracted two-mode squeezed vacuum states (TMSVS), where identical photon numbers are subtracted from each beam, to the problem of quantum optical interferometry with the photon-number parity measurements scheme. Previously, Anisimov et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett.104, 103602 (2010)] have studied the prospect of using the TMSVS for parity measurements based interferometry. However, the joint photon number distribution of this state before beam splitting is thermal-like in each mode, meaning that its statistics are super-Poissonian and that the most probable state of the field is the double vacuum and that the average photon number is low. Furthermore, with these states the sensitivity of the phase-shift measurement is extremely sensitive to the size of the phase shift to be measured for large average photon numbers. The simultaneous subtraction of 1, 2, or 3 photons from each mode has the effects of increasing the average photon numbers of each mode and rendering the statistics nearly Poissonian and in some cases sub-Poissonian. We show that phase uncertainties for such states are less sensitive to the phase shift itself at large average photon numbers. We also show that the photon-subtracted TMSVS also lead to increased resolution.