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Ukrainian Journal of Physical Optics

Optimized acousto-optic modulation for the V-type electromagnetically induced transparency in rubidium-87 D1 line

Dastan Khalid, H. O. Majeed

Published Jan 1, 2017• 2 citations

Abstract

We present an experimental setup of optimized acousto-optic modulator designed for observing a V-type electromagnetically induced transparency resonance in the D 1 line of rubidium-87, with the full width at half maximum being equal to 2.7 MHz. Possible artefacts and undesirable influences on the signal resulting from this method are discussed in detail.The solutions to such technical challenges as beam steering and intensity fluctuations are found in optimization of optical setup.The reported method offers a number of advantages such a single external-cavity diode laser to create a bichromatic optical field outside the laser, whereby both the coupling and probe beams have identical properties.Moreover, the both beams are equally affected by environmental perturbations to the laser.Subsequently, the influence of mode hopping, beam-power fluctuation and frequency drift on the resonance can be eliminated.This negates a need in complicated and expensive temperature and current stabilizations, as well as in a locking unit.The simplicity and stability of the improved setup make our method suitable for many applications based upon electromagnetically induced transparency, especially those in the field of precision measurements.

DOI: 10.3116/16091833/18/3/168/2017

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Summary form only given. The results on experimental observation of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a four-level N-type scheme are presented. The experiments were performed on the D/sub 2/ absorption line of /sup 87/Rb. An experimental setup was based on two independent external cavity diode lasers (ECDL). The copropagating orthogonally polarized laser beams were passed through a rubidium cell. The frequency of one of the lasers (laser 1) was fixed and tuned to the center of the Doppler broadened group of transitions 5S/sub 1/2/(F=2)/spl rarr/5P/sub 3/2/(F=1,2,3).

We present a high-performance laser frequency stabilization method using modulation transfer spectroscopy (MTS) on the rubidium 87 D 2 transition line. A substantial improvement of the laser frequency stability was achieved by searching for the optimal diameter and intensity settings of the probe and pump beam. The frequency instability measured from the beat frequency of two locked external cavity diode lasers (ECDLs) reached a short-term stability of 4.5 × 10 − 14 / τ and did not exceed 2 × 10 −12 until 10 5 s, which is the best performance reported thus far with a D 2 transition. The long-term stability is limited by the offset fluctuations of the baseline induced by the residual amplitude modulation (RAM), which can be further improved by reducing the current temperature variation of about 0.2 K by means of temperature stabilization or through a further reduction of the RAM.

We study electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a heated potassium vapor cell, using a simple optical setup with a single free-running diode laser and an acousto-optic modulator. Despite the fact that the Doppler width is comparable to the ground state hyperfine splitting, transparency windows with deeply sub-natural line widths and large group indices are obtained. A longitudinal magnetic field is used to split the EIT feature and induce magneto-optical anisotropy. Using the beat note between co-propagating coupling and probe beams, we perform a heterodyne measurement of the circular dichroism (and therefore birefringence) of the EIT medium. The observed spectra reveal that lin‖lin polarizations lead to greater anisotropy than lin⊥lin. A simplified ‖analytical model encompassing sixteen Zeeman states and eighteen Λ subsytems reproduces the experimental observations.