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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Ground state phases in the half-filled staggered $\pi$-flux Hubbard model on square lattices

Chia‐Chen Chang, Richard T. Scalettar

Published Mar 22, 2013• 0 citations
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Ground state phases in the half-filled staggered π\piπ-flux Hubbard model on square lattices
We investigate ground state properties of the half-filled staggered-flux Hubbard model on a square lattice. Energy gaps to charge and spin excitations and magnetic as well as dimer orders are calculated as a function of interaction strength U/t by means of a constrained-path quantum Monte Carlo method. It is found that the system is a semimetal at U/t≲5.6 and a Mott insulator, with long-range antiferromagnetic order, at U/t≳6.6. In the range 5.6≲U/t≲6.6, the ground state is a correlated insulator where both magnetic and dimer orders are absent. Furthermore, spin excitation in the intermediate phase appears to be gapless, and the measured spin-spin correlation function exhibits power-law decaying behavior. The data suggest that the nonmagnetic ground state is a possible candidate for the putative algebraic spin liquid.
Anticipating realization of interacting fermions in an optical lattice with a large gauge field, we consider phase transitions and loop currents in a two-dimensional S = 1/2 fermionic-Hubbard model with π/2-staggered flux at half filling. We use a variational Monte Carlo method, which is reliable even for strong correlations. As a trial wave function, a coexistent state of antifferomagnetic and staggered-flux orders is studied. In a strongly correlated regime, the ground state becomes an insulating coexistent state with loop currents. By comparing fermions with bosons, we discuss an important role of Pauli principle.