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New Journal of Physics

Rotation of exciton-polariton condensates with TE-TM splitting in a microcavity ring

Chuanyi Zhang, Guojun Jin

Published Sep 5, 2017• 7 citations
Publisher

Abstract

We investigate exciton-polariton condensates with a rotating potential induced by an electric field in a semiconductor microcavity ring. In the absence of transverse-electric-transverse-magnetic (TE-TM) splitting, we find that there is a critical laser pump rate, above which the quantized phase slips appear with hysteresis, and there exist quantized average angular momenta at fixed angular velocities, regardless of the pump rate. When considering the TE-TM splitting, we find that there are a series of hysteresis loops with the same intervals which are modulated by the magnitude of the splitting for a linear polarization laser. Further, multistability occurs at large pump rate, and there arises a phase slip for only one spin with large absolute value of the polarization degree, owing to the competition of the TE-TM splitting and energy induced by rotation. These results can be verified experimentally with current technology, and are useful for future electro-optic devices.

DOI
10.1088/1367-2630/aa82dd

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We investigate exciton-polariton condensates with a rotating potential induced by an electric field in a semiconductor microcavity ring. In the absence of transverse-electric-transverse-magnetic (TE-TM) splitting, we find that there is a critical laser pump rate, above which the quantized phase slips appear with hysteresis, and there exist quantized average angular momenta at fixed angular velocities, regardless of the pump rate. When considering the TE-TM splitting, we find that there are a series of hysteresis loops with the same intervals which are modulated by the magnitude of the splitting for a linear polarization laser. Further, multistability occurs at large pump rate, and there arises a phase slip for only one spin with large absolute value of the polarization degree, owing to the competition of the TE-TM splitting and energy induced by rotation. These results can be verified experimentally with current technology, and are useful for future electro-optic devices.
We investigate the influence of transverse-electric–transverse-magnetic (TE–TM) splitting on the nonlinear response and bistability of resonantly driven spinor exciton-polaritons in a spatially homogeneous microcavity system. Using a coupled exciton–photon mean-field model, we find that TE–TM splitting significantly modifies the bistability threshold, hysteresis width, and spin composition of the steady states. In particular, TE–TM splitting counteracts the spin imbalance imposed by elliptically polarized pumping, leading to nearly equal populations of the two spin components and strongly suppressed degree of circular polarization in the steady state. The pump momentum plays a crucial role through its connection to the curvature of the lower polariton dispersion, resulting in distinct nonlinear regimes with different switching thresholds and dynamical responses. The intermediate branch within the hysteresis loop is unstable but may exhibit slow instability growth rates, giving rise to long-lived transient states. These results clarify how TE–TM splitting reshapes bistability and nonlinear spin dynamics in polariton systems and provide insight into the controlling polariton switching behavior through cavity anisotropy and pump parameters.
We present a theoretical study of spin multistability and hysteresis in resonantly pumped exciton–polaritons within semiconductor microcavities. This multistable behavior arises from the nonlinear, polarization-dependent anisotropy of polariton–polariton interactions. Unlike conventional optical bistability in spinless nonlinear optical systems, the dynamics are governed by spin-selective coupling. We calculate the steady-state polariton density and degree of circular polarization of the intracavity polariton field, demonstrating that for a fixed pump polarization, wave vector, and detuning, the degree of polarization could take on multiple values depending on the pump strength. This spin-sensitive multistability lays the groundwork for multichannel optical switches governed not just by total pump intensity but also by its pump polarization.
Bosonic condensates of spinless noninteracting particles confined on a ring cannot propagate circular periodic currents once rotation symmetry of the system is broken. However, a persistent current may appear due to interparticle interactions exceeding some critical strength. In this up-critical regime breaking of the symmetry between the clockwise and anticlockwise rotations takes place. We consider this symmetry-breaking scenario in the case of a spinor condensate of exciton polaritons trapped on a ring split by a potential barrier. Due to the intrinsic symmetry of the effective spin-orbit interaction, which stems from the linear splitting between transverse-electric and transverse-magnetic microcavity modes, the potential barrier blocks the circulating current and imposes linear polarization patterns. On the other hand, circularly polarized polaritons form circular currents propagating in opposite directions with equal absolute values of angular momentum. In the presence of interparticle interactions, the symmetry of clockwise and anticlockwise currents can be broken spontaneously. We describe several symmetry-breaking scenarios, which imply either restoration of the global condensate rotation or the onset of the circular polarization in the symmetry-broken state.
It is shown that a condensate of microcavity exciton-polaritons exhibits bistability between its two orthogonal linearly polarized components for varying nonresonant excitation power.A non-Hermitian splitting of these components results in two parity-symmetric fixed-point solutions of opposite polarization, making up the hysteresis branches.These solutions correspond to the lowest threshold linearly polarized mode, which dominates at low pump powers, and a cross-polarized mode, which appears due to nonlinear pinning at higher excitation powers.The spin symmetry of the solutions extends the nonresonant bistable operation of polariton condensates to the entire equatorial plane of the Poincaré sphere.The results pave the way towards development of tailored bistable, linearly polarized, coherent sources of light.
We present a model for the theoretical description of the dynamics of a system of spinor cavity polaritons in real space and time, accounting for all relevant types of the interactions and effective magnetic fields. We apply our general formalism for the consideration of the polarization dynamics of the coherently driven, one-dimensional polariton channel. We investigate the effect of the temperature and the longitudinal-transverse splitting on the spin (polarization) multistability and hysteresis arising from the polarization-dependent polariton-polariton interaction. We show that the effect of the phase of the driving laser pump is as important as its strength, and demonstrate that the multistability behavior can survive up to high temperatures in the presence of longitudinal-transverse splitting.
We study the nonlinear dynamics of spinor exciton-polaritons in resonantly pumped microcavities. Using steady-state analysis and computing eigenfrequencies via Bogoliubov-like linearization, we show that multiple Hopf bifurcations beyond conventional bistability occur within specific power regimes and are not associated with stable solutions of the system. Owing to nonlinear excitonic interactions, these transitions occur at different pump powers during forward and backward pump sweeps, leading to pronounced hysteresis between fixed-point and limit-cycle states. In the spinor regime, multiple limit-cycle branches and associated dynamical hysteresis loops emerge due to the interplay of polarization coupling and spin-dependent nonlinearities. We show how the locations of the bifurcation points can be tuned by the pump frequency and other system parameters. Our results identify synchronization as the organizing principle underlying limit-cycle formation, dynamical hysteresis, and bifurcation cascades in driven spinor exciton-polariton microcavities.