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Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics

Microwave assisted transparency in an M-system

Nawaz Sarif Mallick, Tarak Nath Dey, Kanhaiya Pandey

Published Sep 5, 2017• 21 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract In this work we theoretically study a five-level M-system whose two unpopulated ground states are coupled by a microwave (MW) field. The key feature which makes the M-system more efficient in comparison to a routinely studied closed loop Λ-system is the absence of MW field induced population transfer even at high intensities of the latter. The limitation of closed loop Λ systems due to MW induced population redistribution among the ground states, which reduces the atomic coherences, can be overcome in the M-system. We examine lineshape of probe absorption as a function of its detuning in the presence of both control and MW fields. The MW field facilitates the narrowing of the probe absorption lineshape in M-systems which is in contrast to closed loop Λ-systems. Hence this study opens up a new avenue for atom-based phase-dependent MW magnetometry.

DOI
10.1088/1361-6455/aa8a35

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Micro-wave assisted transparency in a M-system

Nawaz Sarif Mallick, Tarak Nath Dey, Kanhaiya Pandey

In this work we theoretically study a five level M-system whose two unpopulated ground states are coupled by a micro-wave (MW) field. The key feature which makes M-systems more efficient in comparison to closed loop $Λ$ systems is the absence of MW field induced population transfer even at high intensities of the later. We examine lineshape of probe absorption as a function of its detuning in the presence of both control and MW fields. The MW field facilitates the narrowing of the probe absorption lineshape in M-systems which is in contrast to closed loop $Λ$-systems. Hence this study opens up a new avenue for atom based phase dependent MW magnetometry.

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Abstract We present an azimuthal phase-dependent scheme to study the spatially dependent electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and the generation of spatial light in a closed-loop four-level Y-type system. A structured control beam and a microwave (MW) field are adopted in the closed-loop structure. Interestingly, the weak non-vortex probe beam responses explicitly depend on the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of the control beam along with the MW-assisted quantum interference. The regions of spatially dependent EIT are demonstrated at different azimuthal angles. It is found that the intensity of the structured control beam and the relative phase arising out of the beams participating in the closed-loop can be used as the controlling knobs to tailor the shape and the angular location of the spatially dependent EIT.

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Abstract This paper describes a theoretical study of the optical responses of an atomic medium to the probe field in a four-level (Δ + ∇)-type closed-contour interaction system driven by two pump laser fields (P1, P2), one probe laser field (Pr) and two microwave or radio frequency (RF) coupling fields (L, U). Here, L and U are considered to connect the forbidden electric dipole transitions, i.e. two hyperfine ground states of the Δ subsystem and two hyperfine excited states of the ∇ subsystem, respectively. Since each subsystem is a closed-loop system, relative phases are thought to be present between the optical fields (pump and probe fields), and the microwave or RF fields. The manipulation of the quantum coherence of the system by the strengths of coupling fields along with the relative phases is demonstrated in terms of the changes occurring in the absorption of the probe field by the medium. The probe absorption and dispersion profiles are extracted by numerically solving the optical Bloch equations for the system under steady-state conditions. In this study, we start by illuminating the system with the probe only, and then, by applying the pump fields and the coupling fields one by one, the changes in the absorptive and dispersive probe line profiles are investigated for two distinct cases that depend on the relative strengths of the pump fields, e.g. when P2 is stronger than P1 and vice versa. Furthermore, the individual effects of the strengths and phases of the coupling fields on the probe absorption, transparency and amplification are also explored for both cases. All the changes that appear in the probe signal as a result of the application of different fields are explained by the modified interaction fields or the corresponding effective Rabi frequencies obtained from the partial dressed-state analysis.

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High-precision three-dimensional subwavelength atom localization using phase-controlled probe absorption in a closed-loop microwave-driven atomic system

Raj Kumar, Neeraj Singh, M.K. Sharma +2 more

Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) atom localization at subwavelength scales is of critical interest for advanced applications in nanolithography and laser cooling. Despite significant efforts, achieving high spatial resolution in all three dimensions remains a challenging task. In this work, we propose and analytically investigate a novel scheme for 3D subwavelength atom localization using a closed-loop five-level atomic system driven by a phase-controlled microwave field. The localization mechanism is based on the position-dependent absorption of a weak probe field in the presence of three orthogonal standing-wave coupling fields. The inclusion of a magnetically allowed microwave transition introduces a controllable relative phase ( ϕ ), enabling coherent control over the atomic spatial distribution. Our analysis demonstrates that, by judiciously tuning the system parameters—including probe detuning, relative phase, and quantum interference arising from spontaneous emission—the atom can be localized to a highly confined region with a spatial resolution as high as ∼ 0.03 λ , where λ is the optical wavelength. The results highlight the critical role of phase control and coherent field interaction in enhancing the localization precision. This technique offers a robust and versatile tool for achieving high-resolution 3D atom localization and may pave the way for practical implementations in nanoscale fabrication and quantum technologies.

Journal of Physics B Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics•May 19, 2026•0 citations
Abstract In this work we theoretically study a five-level M-system whose two unpopulated ground states are coupled by a microwave (MW) field. The key feature which makes the M-system more efficient in comparison to a routinely studied closed loop Λ-system is the absence of MW field induced population transfer even at high intensities of the latter. The limitation of closed loop Λ systems due to MW induced population redistribution among the ground states, which reduces the atomic coherences, can be overcome in the M-system. We examine lineshape of probe absorption as a function of its detuning in the presence of both control and MW fields. The MW field facilitates the narrowing of the probe absorption lineshape in M-systems which is in contrast to closed loop Λ-systems. Hence this study opens up a new avenue for atom-based phase-dependent MW magnetometry.
In this work we theoretically study a five level M-system whose two unpopulated ground states are coupled by a micro-wave (MW) field. The key feature which makes M-systems more efficient in comparison to closed loop ΛΛΛ systems is the absence of MW field induced population transfer even at high intensities of the later. We examine lineshape of probe absorption as a function of its detuning in the presence of both control and MW fields. The MW field facilitates the narrowing of the probe absorption lineshape in M-systems which is in contrast to closed loop ΛΛΛ-systems. Hence this study opens up a new avenue for atom based phase dependent MW magnetometry.
In this work, Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) has been studied in a microwave driven closed cyclic Lambda atomic system. It is observed that in the absence of microwave field a normal transparency window is obtained, but when a microwave field is also applied between hyperfine levels along with the optical fields an amplification and attenuation in EIT signal is observed depending upon the relative phase between fields driving the atomic system. In fact, a new probe field is generated by microwave and coupling field which interfere constructively or destructively with incident probe field leading to either amplification, attenuation or asymmetricity in probe transmission signal. Also, dependency of phase sensitive amplification on ground state decoherence is also studied. This novel, controllable and amplified EIT signal can be potentially used for the transfer of coherent microwave analog or digital message signal over larger distance using optical fibers where amplification is preliminary requirement.
Abstract The electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) profile is utilized to measure the strength of the microwave (MW) frequency magnetic field in a closed lambda system (CLS). In this system, two laser fields couple a common excited state to two ground states via electric dipole-allowed transitions, while the MW magnetic field induces a transition between the ground states through magnetic dipole interactions. The strength of this interaction is characterized by the EIT profile of the probe beam, mediated by atomic vapor. Key parameters, including the EIT profile and its full width at half maximum (FWHM), are employed to determine MW magnetic field strength at frequencies of 3.036 GHz and 6.835 GHz. Analytical models predict sensitivity to the magnetic field strength (B μ ) down to approximately 35 femtotesla (fT), even in the absence of Zeeman splitting.
Abstract We present an azimuthal phase-dependent scheme to study the spatially dependent electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) and the generation of spatial light in a closed-loop four-level Y-type system. A structured control beam and a microwave (MW) field are adopted in the closed-loop structure. Interestingly, the weak non-vortex probe beam responses explicitly depend on the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of the control beam along with the MW-assisted quantum interference. The regions of spatially dependent EIT are demonstrated at different azimuthal angles. It is found that the intensity of the structured control beam and the relative phase arising out of the beams participating in the closed-loop can be used as the controlling knobs to tailor the shape and the angular location of the spatially dependent EIT.
Abstract This paper describes a theoretical study of the optical responses of an atomic medium to the probe field in a four-level (Δ + ∇)-type closed-contour interaction system driven by two pump laser fields (P1, P2), one probe laser field (Pr) and two microwave or radio frequency (RF) coupling fields (L, U). Here, L and U are considered to connect the forbidden electric dipole transitions, i.e. two hyperfine ground states of the Δ subsystem and two hyperfine excited states of the ∇ subsystem, respectively. Since each subsystem is a closed-loop system, relative phases are thought to be present between the optical fields (pump and probe fields), and the microwave or RF fields. The manipulation of the quantum coherence of the system by the strengths of coupling fields along with the relative phases is demonstrated in terms of the changes occurring in the absorption of the probe field by the medium. The probe absorption and dispersion profiles are extracted by numerically solving the optical Bloch equations for the system under steady-state conditions. In this study, we start by illuminating the system with the probe only, and then, by applying the pump fields and the coupling fields one by one, the changes in the absorptive and dispersive probe line profiles are investigated for two distinct cases that depend on the relative strengths of the pump fields, e.g. when P2 is stronger than P1 and vice versa. Furthermore, the individual effects of the strengths and phases of the coupling fields on the probe absorption, transparency and amplification are also explored for both cases. All the changes that appear in the probe signal as a result of the application of different fields are explained by the modified interaction fields or the corresponding effective Rabi frequencies obtained from the partial dressed-state analysis.
Abstract Three-dimensional (3D) atom localization at subwavelength scales is of critical interest for advanced applications in nanolithography and laser cooling. Despite significant efforts, achieving high spatial resolution in all three dimensions remains a challenging task. In this work, we propose and analytically investigate a novel scheme for 3D subwavelength atom localization using a closed-loop five-level atomic system driven by a phase-controlled microwave field. The localization mechanism is based on the position-dependent absorption of a weak probe field in the presence of three orthogonal standing-wave coupling fields. The inclusion of a magnetically allowed microwave transition introduces a controllable relative phase ( ϕ ), enabling coherent control over the atomic spatial distribution. Our analysis demonstrates that, by judiciously tuning the system parameters—including probe detuning, relative phase, and quantum interference arising from spontaneous emission—the atom can be localized to a highly confined region with a spatial resolution as high as ∼ 0.03 λ , where λ is the optical wavelength. The results highlight the critical role of phase control and coherent field interaction in enhancing the localization precision. This technique offers a robust and versatile tool for achieving high-resolution 3D atom localization and may pave the way for practical implementations in nanoscale fabrication and quantum technologies.