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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Series Expansion for the Green's Function of the Infinite-U Hubbard Model

Ehsan Khatami, Edward Perepelitsky, B. Sriram Shastry, Marcos Rigol

Published Mar 22, 2013• 0 citations
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A strong-coupling series expansion for the Green's function and the extremely correlated Fermi liquid (ECFL) theory are used to calculate the moments of the electronic spectral functions of the infinite-UUU Hubbard model. Results from these two complementary methods agree very well at both low densities, where the ECFL solution is the most accurate, and at high to intermediate temperatures, where the series converge. We find that a modified first moment, which underestimates the contributions from the occupied states and is accessible in the series through the time-dependent Green's function, best describes the peak location of the spectral function in the strongly correlated regime. This is examined by the ECFL results at low temperatures, where it is shown that the spectral function is largely skewed towards the occupied states.
We implement a highly efficient strong-coupling expansion for the Green's function of the Hubbard model. In the limit of extreme correlations, where the onsite interaction is infinite, the evaluation of diagrams simplifies dramatically enabling us to carry out the expansion to the eighth order in powers of the hopping amplitude. We compute the finite-temperature Green's function analytically in the momentum and Matsubara frequency space as a function of the electron density. Employing Padé approximations, we study the equation of state, Kelvin thermopower, momentum distribution function, quasiparticle fraction, and quasiparticle lifetime of the system at temperatures lower than, or of the order of, the hopping amplitude. We also discuss several different approaches for obtaining the spectral functions through analytic continuation of the imaginary frequency Green's function, and show results for the system near half filling. We benchmark our results for the equation of state against those obtained from a numerical linked-cluster expansion carried out to the eleventh order.
We generate the perturbative expansion of the single particle Green's function and related self-energy for a half-filled single-band Hubbard model on a square lattice. We invoke algorithmic Matsubara integration to evaluate single-particle quantities for real and Matsubara frequencies and verify results through comparison to existing data on the Matsubara axis. With low-order expansions at weak coupling we observe a number of outcomes expected at higher orders: the opening of a gap, pseudogap behavior, and Fermi-surface reconstruction. Based on low-order perturbations, we consider the phase diagram that arises from truncated expansions of the self-energy and Green's function and their relation via the Dyson equation. From Matsubara axis data, we observe insulating behavior in direct expansions of the Green's function, whereas the same order of truncation of the self-energy produces metallic behavior. This observation is supported by additional calculations for real frequencies. We attribute this difference to the order in which diagrams are implicitly summed in the Dyson series. By separating the reducible and irreducible contributions at each order we show that the reducible diagrams implicitly summed in the Dyson equation lead to incorrect physics in the half-filled Hubbard model. Our observations for this particular case lead us to question the utility of the Dyson equation for any problem that shows a disparity between reducible and irreducible contributions to the expansion of the Green's function.