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Journal of Physics Conference Series

Lifetimes of ultralong-range Strontium Rydberg molecules in a dense BEC

F. Camargo, J. D. Whalen, Roger Ding, T. C. Killian, F. B. Dunning, Jesús Pérez‐Ríos, Shintaro Yoshida, Joachim Burgdörfer

Published Jul 1, 2017• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The lifetimes and decay channels of ultralong-range strontium Rydberg molecules that contain tens to hundreds of ground-state atoms within the electron orbit are examined by monitoring the time evolution of the Rydberg population using field ionization.
DOI
10.1088/1742-6596/875/9/082001

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•Aug 7, 2017•1 citation
The lifetimes and decay channels of ultralong-range Rydberg molecules created in a dense Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) are examined by monitoring the time evolution of the Rydberg population using field ionization. The Rydberg molecules, which contain tens to hundreds of ground state atoms within the electron orbit, have lifetimes of ∼ 1 to 5 µ s, their destruction being attributed to two main processes: formation of ions through associative ionization, and dissociation induced through L -changing reactions. The observed loss rates are consistent with a reaction model that emphasizes the interaction between the Rydberg core ion and its nearest neighbor ground state atom. The application of this model to earlier measurements of strontium dimer lifetimes at lower densities is discussed.
The lifetimes and decay channels of ultralong-range Rydberg molecules created in a dense Bose-Einstein condensate are examined by monitoring the time evolution of the Rydberg population using field ionization. Studies of molecules with values of the principal quantum number, nnn, in the range n=49n=49n=49 to n=72n=72n=72 that contain tens to hundreds of ground-state atoms within the Rydberg electron orbit show that their presence leads to marked changes in the field ionization characteristics. The Rydberg molecules have lifetimes of $\ensuremath{\sim}1\ensuremath{-}5\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{s}$, their destruction being attributed to two main processes: formation of Sr2+{\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{}^{+}Sr2​+ ions through associative ionization and dissociation induced through LLL-changing collisions. The observed loss rates are consistent with a reaction model that emphasizes the interaction between the Rydberg core ion and its nearest-neighbor ground-state atom. The measured lifetimes place strict limits on the time scales over which studies involving Rydberg species in cold, dense atomic gases can be undertaken and limit the coherence times for such measurements.
The lifetime of ultra-long-range strontium Rydberg molecules is measured in the low-lying vibrational states, where its resemblance to the lifetime of the parent Rydberg atoms demonstrates that a ppp-wave resonance, which is absent in the present case but prevalent in Rydberg molecules comprised of alkali-metal atoms, plays an important role in determining the lifetime of such molecules.
In this work I describe the excitation spectra of Rydberg atoms in ultracold gases of strontium and their decay mechanisms. In a few-body regime, we observe a highly structured spectrum re ecting excitation of ultralong-range molecules consisting of one or more ground-state atoms bound to the Rydberg core in potential wells formed by the Rydbergelectron wave function. In a many-body regime, with hundreds of ground-state atoms within the Rydberg orbital, the Rydberg atoms can be viewed as an impurity in a quantum gas, connecting to important concepts in condensed matter physics. The spectrum for impurity excitation displays signatures of polaronic states, in which the Rydberg atom signi cantly perturbs the density of the background gas. Additionally, decay channels of Rydberg excitations are examined by monitoring the time evolution of Rydberg populations. The measured lifetimes reveal new information on the decay processes of Rydberg molecules and place limits on the time scales over which studies involving Rydberg species in cold, dense atomic gases can be undertaken and limit the coherence times for such measurements.