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Bose-Einstein Condensation at JILA and the National Institute of Standards and Technology, | NIST

Charles W. Clark, Eric Cornell, Paul S. Julienne, William D. Phillips

Published Jan 1, 2000• 0 citations
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All too frequently we hear the term {open_quotes}Holy Grail{close_quotes} breathlessly invoked to describe one goal or another in science. However, objections can be held back in using this term for the recent experimental achievements at JILA of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Colorado in Boulder, Colorado. Atomic physicists at JILA have been able, using the techniques of laser and evaporative cooling, to put thousands of atoms into the same quantum state. In short, they have observed the phenomenon called Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) in a gas of atoms for the first time. The term Holy Grail seems quite appropriate given the singular importance of this discovery. This article describes the research program, how it was developed and the future possibilities. 8 refs.

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Trap Holds Condensates of Two Different Spin States at Once

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Everyone likes a bargain, and what could be better than two for the price of one? That's what researchers in Boulder, Colorado, must have figured when they snared not just one but two spin states of the rubidium atom in an ultracold trap and simultaneously formed overlapping Bose–Einstein condensates from them. The feat—accomplished by Eric Cornell, Carl Wieman and their colleagues at JILA, the University of Colorado and the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Boulder—gives a valuable tool to those interested in atomic collisions and their dependence on spin states, as well as to those interested in further exploration of interactions between and within condensates. As William Phillips of NIST in Gaithersburg, Maryland, points out, such a double condensate, of two different internal states of the same atom, is unlike anything seen in superfluid He4, a condensed-matter Bose–Einstein condensate.

Physics Today•Mar 1, 1997•1 citation

How cold atoms got hot: an interview with William Phillips

Philip Ball

Abstract William Phillips of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Gaithersburg, Maryland, shared the 1997 Nobel Prize in physics for his work in developing laser methods for cooling and trapping atoms. Interactions between the light field and the atoms create what is dubbed an ‘optical molasses’ that slows the atoms down, thereby reducing their temperature to within a fraction of a degree of absolute zero. These techniques allow atoms to be studied with great precision, for example measuring their resonant frequencies for light absorption very accurately, so that these frequencies may supply very stable timing standards for atomic clocks. Besides applications in metrology, such cooling methods can also be used to study new fundamental physics. The 1997 Nobel award was widely considered to be a response to the first observation in 1995 of pure Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC), in which a collection of bosonic atoms all occupy a single quantum state. This quantum-mechanical effect only becomes possible at very low temperatures, and the team that achieved it, working at JILA operated jointly by the University of Colorado and NIST, used the techniques devised by Phillips and others. Since then, cold-atom physics has branched in many directions, among them being attempts to make a quantum computer (which would use logic operations based on quantum rules) from ultracold trapped atoms and ions. ‘National Science Review’ spoke with Phillips about the development and future potential of the field.

National Science Review•Nov 9, 2015•0 citations
All too frequently we hear the term {open_quotes}Holy Grail{close_quotes} breathlessly invoked to describe one goal or another in science. However, objections can be held back in using this term for the recent experimental achievements at JILA of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Colorado in Boulder, Colorado. Atomic physicists at JILA have been able, using the techniques of laser and evaporative cooling, to put thousands of atoms into the same quantum state. In short, they have observed the phenomenon called Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) in a gas of atoms for the first time. The term Holy Grail seems quite appropriate given the singular importance of this discovery. This article describes the research program, how it was developed and the future possibilities. 8 refs.
Everyone likes a bargain, and what could be better than two for the price of one? That's what researchers in Boulder, Colorado, must have figured when they snared not just one but two spin states of the rubidium atom in an ultracold trap and simultaneously formed overlapping Bose–Einstein condensates from them. The feat—accomplished by Eric Cornell, Carl Wieman and their colleagues at JILA, the University of Colorado and the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Boulder—gives a valuable tool to those interested in atomic collisions and their dependence on spin states, as well as to those interested in further exploration of interactions between and within condensates. As William Phillips of NIST in Gaithersburg, Maryland, points out, such a double condensate, of two different internal states of the same atom, is unlike anything seen in superfluid He4, a condensed-matter Bose–Einstein condensate.
Abstract William Phillips of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Gaithersburg, Maryland, shared the 1997 Nobel Prize in physics for his work in developing laser methods for cooling and trapping atoms. Interactions between the light field and the atoms create what is dubbed an ‘optical molasses’ that slows the atoms down, thereby reducing their temperature to within a fraction of a degree of absolute zero. These techniques allow atoms to be studied with great precision, for example measuring their resonant frequencies for light absorption very accurately, so that these frequencies may supply very stable timing standards for atomic clocks. Besides applications in metrology, such cooling methods can also be used to study new fundamental physics. The 1997 Nobel award was widely considered to be a response to the first observation in 1995 of pure Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC), in which a collection of bosonic atoms all occupy a single quantum state. This quantum-mechanical effect only becomes possible at very low temperatures, and the team that achieved it, working at JILA operated jointly by the University of Colorado and NIST, used the techniques devised by Phillips and others. Since then, cold-atom physics has branched in many directions, among them being attempts to make a quantum computer (which would use logic operations based on quantum rules) from ultracold trapped atoms and ions. ‘National Science Review’ spoke with Phillips about the development and future potential of the field.