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Communications in Theoretical Physics

Key Rate of Practical Quantum Communication Network *

Na 娜 Huang 黄, Rongzhen Jiao

Published Aug 1, 2017• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract The security properties of quantum key distribution (QKD) system are analyzed with the practical light source using decoy state method. The secure key rate with the change of transmission distance is computed under the condition of ideal system, infinite light source system, untrusted light source and passive system. The influence of the fluctuation of transmission rate on the security characteristics of the system is discussed. Our numerical simulation results offer a useful reference for the practical QKD experiment .

DOI
10.1088/0253-6102/68/2/201

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Abstract The security properties of quantum key distribution (QKD) system are analyzed with the practical light source using decoy state method. The secure key rate with the change of transmission distance is computed under the condition of ideal system, infinite light source system, untrusted light source and passive system. The influence of the fluctuation of transmission rate on the security characteristics of the system is discussed. Our numerical simulation results offer a useful reference for the practical QKD experiment .
The performance of active decoy-state quantum key distribution (QKD) system with an untrusted source is compared with that of passive decoy-state QKD. The key generation rate with the change of the secure transmission distance is shown under the condition of active decoy-state (or passive decoy-state) QKD where we pick the data size to be N=1012. The security characteristics of the passive scheme are studied with statistical fluctuation of the counting rate and the intensity of the practical source. At communication wavelength 1310 nm or 1550 nm, The security range of communication distance is [73.2 km, 96.5 km] or [104.5 km, 137.9 km] respectively. This analysis will provide important theoretical parameters for practical QKD experiment.
The performance of active decoy-state quantum key distribution (QKD) system with a practical light source is compared with that of passive decoy-state QKD. The effect of statistical fluctuation due to a finite data size on final secret key rate is analyzed. This procedure is based on the standard error analysis on the assumption that all the variables measured in the experiment fluctuate around their asymptotic values. The relation between key generation rate and secure transmission distance is shown with exchanged quantum efficiency of threshold detector (d=1 and d=0.4) under the condition of active decoy-state (or passive decoy-state ) QKD which we pick the data size to be N=6.0109. This analysis will provide important parameters for practical QKD experiment.
Decoy state has proven to be a very useful method of significantly enhancing the performance of a quantum key distribution (QKD) system with practical light sources. The data-set size in practical QKD protocol is always finite, which will cause statistical fluctuations. The gain and the error rate of the quantum state are analyzed by considering absolutely statistical fluctuation. The relation between key generation rate and the secure communication distance is shown with exchanged quantum signal (N = 106 -1012) by the method of two-decoy-state protocol under the condition that communication wavelength is 1310 nm (or1550 nm). The result indicates that the minimal number of exchanged quantum signals increases obviously with the increase of transmission distance. The secure transmission distance is 135 km under the condition that quantum signal is 1012.
In this paper, a passive decoy state phase matching quantum key distribution scheme is proposed based on the heralded pair coherent state light source to make the protocol more practical and safe. Without changing the intensity of the light source, we can derive four different data sets by dividing the raw key data into four groups according to the combined results of detectors in source end. The scheme can make use of the different data sets to estimate the parameters and extract the secret key. The key generation rate formula is derived after the parameter estimation. The performance of the proposed scheme is analyzed with and without taking statistical fluctuation into consideration. The simulation results show that compared with the existing active decoy-state method, the proposed passive method has slightly lower key rate when the transmission distance is short, and has obviously higher key rate when the transmission distance exceeds 406[Formula: see text]km. The maximum safety transmission distance of the proposed scheme is 452[Formula: see text]km which is relatively further. According to the influence of statistical fluctuation, the performance of the proposed scheme declines as the length of the data falls. Even though the data size is [Formula: see text], the max safety transmission distance is also more than 400[Formula: see text]km.
The most severe problem of a two-way "plug-and-play" (p& p) quantum key distribution system is that the source can be controlled by the eavesdropper. This kind of source is defined as an "untrusted source". This paper discusses the effects of the fluctuation of internal transmittance on the final key generation rate and the transmission distance. The security of the standard BB84 protocol, one-decoy state protocol, and weak+vacuum decoy state protocol, with untrusted sources and the fluctuation of internal transmittance are studied. It is shown that the one-decoy state is sensitive to the statistical fluctuation but weak+vacuum decoy state is only slightly affected by the fluctuation. It is also shown that both the maximum secure transmission distance and final key generation rate are reduced when Alice's laboratory transmittance fluctuation is considered.