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International Conference on Ubiquitous and Future Networks

An approach to integrate quantum key distribution technology into standard secure communication applications

Yoshimichi Tanizawa, Ririka Takahashi, Hideaki Sato, A. R. Dixon

Published Jul 1, 2017• 6 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) technology provides unconditional secure cryptography key sharing between two separate sites based on the laws of physics. With the shared keys, applications are able to communicate with each other in an information theoretically secure manner. We propose a method for providing secure communication that selects between QKD-based security and standard cryptography-based security automatically according to the current amount of QKD keys stored by QKD. The proposed method provides a QKD-based secure communication function. However, in the case of a shortage of QKD keys stored, the method alternatively provides a standard cryptography-based secure communication function to avoid a communication delay. Since the method has an OpenSSL-compatible interface, that is, a de facto standard cryptography library for secure communication, it makes it easy to port existing secure communication applications developed with the OpenSSL library to QKD-ready applications. It could also make it possible to phase QKD technology into existing secure communication applications. The quantitative performance evaluation showed the secure session establishment delay. Although the result reveals that the proposed method increases the session establishment delay, the delay overhead of the proposed cryptography method selection is 7 msec., which is acceptable for some practical applications. In addition, the result also shows that the delay difference from the standard cryptography can be reduced when the standard cryptography uses a larger key.

DOI
10.1109/icufn.2017.7993926

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Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) technology provides unconditional secure cryptography key sharing between two separate sites based on the laws of physics. With the shared keys, applications are able to communicate with each other in an information theoretically secure manner. We propose a method for providing secure communication that selects between QKD-based security and standard cryptography-based security automatically according to the current amount of QKD keys stored by QKD. The proposed method provides a QKD-based secure communication function. However, in the case of a shortage of QKD keys stored, the method alternatively provides a standard cryptography-based secure communication function to avoid a communication delay. Since the method has an OpenSSL-compatible interface, that is, a de facto standard cryptography library for secure communication, it makes it easy to port existing secure communication applications developed with the OpenSSL library to QKD-ready applications. It could also make it possible to phase QKD technology into existing secure communication applications. The quantitative performance evaluation showed the secure session establishment delay. Although the result reveals that the proposed method increases the session establishment delay, the delay overhead of the proposed cryptography method selection is 7 msec., which is acceptable for some practical applications. In addition, the result also shows that the delay difference from the standard cryptography can be reduced when the standard cryptography uses a larger key.
Quantum key distribution (QKD), a cryptography technology providing information theoretic security based on physical laws, has moved from the research stage to the engineering stage. Although the communication distance is subject to a limitation attributable to the QKD fundamentals, recent research and development of “key relaying” over a “QKD network” is overcoming this limitation. However, there are still barriers to widespread use of QKD integrated with conventional information systems: applicability and development cost. In order to break down these barriers, this paper proposes a new solution for developing secure network infrastructure based on QKD technology to accommodate multiple applications. The proposed solution introduces 3 functions: (1) a directory mechanism to manage multiple applications hosted on the QKD network, (2) a key management method to share and to allocate the keys for multiple applications, and (3) a cryptography communication library enabling existing cryptographic communication software to be ported to the QKD network easily. The proposed solution allows the QKD network to accommodate multiple applications of various types, and moreover, realizes applicability to conventional information systems easily. It also contributes to a reduction in the development cost per information system, since the development cost of the QKD network can be shared between the multiple applications. The proposed solution was implemented with a network emulating QKD technology and evaluated. The evaluation results show that the proposed solution enables the infrastructure of a single QKD network to host multiple applications concurrently, fairly, and effectively through a conventional application programming interface, OpenSSL API. In addition, the overhead of secure session establishment by the proposed solution was quantitatively evaluated and compared.
Secure communication plays a vital role now-a-days. Modern-day secure communication is made possible via cryptography. Modern cryptographic algorithms are based on the process of factoring large integers into their primes, as they are intractable. But the cryptography nowadays is vulnerable to technological advances in computing power like quantum computing and evolution in math to quickly reverse one-way functions like factorization of large integers. Incorporating quantum physics concepts into cryptography is the answer, which results in an assessment of quantum cryptography. A unique type of cryptography known as quantum cryptography makes advantage of quantum mechanics to provide complete protection against the transmitted message. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), a random binary key distribution used in quantum cryptography, enables communication participants to recognize unauthorized listeners. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is likely the most advanced quantum technology currently accessible with full stack systems already in use. This project’s goal is to develop secure and encrypted communication between the parties with the help of a web application using the BB84 protocol.
Modern-day secure communication is made possible via cryptography. Modern cryptographic algorithms are based on the process of factoring large integers into their primes, as they are intractable. But the cryptography we use nowadays is vulnerable to technological advances in computing power like quantum computing and evolution in math to quickly reverse one-way functions like factorization of large integers. Incorporating quantum physics concepts into cryptography is the answer, which results in an assessment of quantum cryptography. A unique type of cryptography known as quantum cryptography makes advantage of quantum mechanics to provide complete protection against the transmitted message. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), a random binary key distribution used in quantum cryptography, enables communication participants to recognize unauthorized listeners. Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is likely the most advanced quantum technology currently accessible with full-stack systems already in use. This project’s goal is to develop secure and encrypted communication between the parties with the help of a web application using the BB84 protocol.
Large quantum computers will be able to break the cryptographic algorithms on which current secure communications rely on. Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) and Quantum key distribution (QKD) are two security technologies that show protection capabilities against the latent quantum threat. While PQC relies on different hard mathematical problems to develop a wide variety of cryptographic operations, QKD is based on quantum physics laws to generate and distribute symmetric cryptographic keys through different QKD protocols. These keys can be used by different applications to perform security transformations. QKD still requires authentication to prevent man-in-the-middle attacks. The hybridization of PQC and QKD is an important step for future secure infrastructures, being able to provide long-term security. In this work we propose authenticated QKD approaches that rely on pre-shared keys and hybrid PQC/QKD alternatives and which are able to securely exchange secret QKD keys through authenticated channels. We identify the different configuration alternatives and their parameters, as well as we develop a wide performance evaluation. Results show that pre-shared keys and PQC-based authentication through Dilithium algorithm are the fastest alternatives. Also, we show the potential of the T12 QKD protocol.
The increasing number of cyber threats and the approaching development of quantum computing demand a critical review of existing cryptographic approaches. The goal of this work is to evaluate the security and practicality of utilizing Quantum Key Distribution for secure communications. QKD utilizes the laws of quantum mechanics to provide a secure and unbreakable method for exchanging information. Protocols like BB84 are resistant to threatening attacks from both classical and quantum adversaries. The methodology utilizes simulated models and quantum communication toolkits to study critical characteristics such as key generation speed, QBER, latency and scalability. Performance of QKD is compared to that of classical schemes such as RSA-2048, ECC-256 and AES-256. Results reveal that although QKD provides unparalleled theoretical security, its deployment has notable obstacles such as intricate infrastructure, restrictions on distance and elevated latency. Our study reveals that optimizing the interplay between security and practicality in QKD deployment can yield a highly effective safeguard for next-generation communication networks.
Security awareness is one of the most pressing topics in today's globe. The idea of cryptography is introduced when the subject is information security. Conventional cryptography-based security techniques rely on the presumption that keys are shared before secure connections. The most crucial factor to consider when integrating cryptographic operations into account when integrating cryptographic operations in with any system is the safe key management strategy required for sending and transferring a secret key between two entities The systems will be vulnerable to bugs and possibly fatal external assaults if the fundamental management methods are poor A method for securely encrypting data sent between parties is quantum cryptography. and spotting eavesdroppers trying to overhear the conversation. Quantum cryptography may be the solution to these issues a quantum cryptography application, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), refers to the production of a cryptographic key with unconditional security assured by physical rules. Quantum cryptography is a kind of encryption. We examine the quantum key exchange protocol (BB84 protocol) in this study and the way that it significantly improves data transfer security when compared to standard encryption techniques. The main objective of quantum cryptography is to offer a trustworthy way to provide a secure method of communication between the intended peers only and to detect the Eavesdropper presence.