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Replication and extension of a new paradigm for psychokinesis: Mind-matter interaction through non-local entangled correlations?

Ana Borges Flores, Caroline A. Watt, Ian Tierney

Published Sep 1, 2017• 3 citations
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This article describes two experimental replications of a new methodological paradigm called Correlation Matrix Method (CMM) (Lucadou, 1987). The CMM was developed by Walter von Lucadou in an effort to offer a solution to the problems of replicability and decline effect in parapsychological experiments, namely in ‘psychokinesis’. Supported by von Lucadou's Model of Pragmatic Information (MPI) and von Lucadou, Walach and Romer's (2007) Generalised Quantum Theory (GQT), the model correlates physical variables produced by a Markov-chain random number generator with psychological variables measured from the participant before the PK task. The method claims that correlations produced between psychological and physical variables during the experimental session considered as statistically significant should be interpreted as non-local entanglement correlations. The two experiments used the same method and were pre-registered at the KPU registry at the University of Edinburgh. Each experimental session took on average 20 to 30 minutes depending on the rhythm of the participant. Forty-four participants completed 213 sessions in the first experiment, and 105 participants contributed 200 sessions in the second experiment. In both experiments participants were asked to influence solely by intention, a physical target shown on a computer screen which was controlled by the output of the random number generator. The psychological data was derived from button presses to reflect the subject’s intention as well to fulfil the CMM requirement of organisational closure, i.e. to maintain the participant interacting with the physical process so the experimental session is a whole structure. As a control analysis, a permutation method was used to generate new correlations using data from each experimental variable separately. The permutation also cleanses dependencies between the existing variables. A non-parametric correlation coefficient, Spearman’s Rho, was calculated across all subjects and sessions to calculate the number of significant correlations at p<0.05. In both experiments the number of significant correlations produced between participant influence and values produced by random number generator were very significantly more than the ones produced by the control method. Limitations in the method, and in the analyses are discussed, also suggestions for further experiments are explored.

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The thesis explores whether mind can interact directly with matter, i.e., with a physical system, without the use of any known physical interaction. The concept, called psychokinesis, is yet an unexplained phenomenon. The study of paranormal manifestations has been arduous due to the difficulty in replicating its findings. To address the problem Walter von Lucadou developed a method called Correlation Matrix Method (CMM) that endeavours to explain i t. CMM is supported by the Model of Pragmatic Information (MPI) and Generalised Quantum Theory. These theories based on principles from quantum physics were translated by analogy into a general quantum theory to be applied to the field of psychology. Links established between physics, psychology and parapsychology are then explored in the thesis. The CMM method consists of correlating psychological behaviours produced by participants with the behaviour of a random number generator, to investigate whether participants can mentally influence the random number generator. Previous experiments conducted by von Lucadou and Walach showed significant results. This thesis replicate s the former experiments in five studies to test the reliability of CMM. The first two studies were exact replications of the original studies by Lucadou and Walach. The s ame random number generator (RNG), software program and protocol were used in the replications. Study 3, whether the number of participants was relevant against the number of sessions produced. In study 4 and 5 a new type of RNG, was introduced to compare with the performance of the original RNG. A new method for control and for data analysis were introduced and compared with the orig inal.

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Chinese Science Bulletin (Chinese Version)•Nov 8, 2016•1 citation
This article describes two experimental replications of a new methodological paradigm called Correlation Matrix Method (CMM) (Lucadou, 1987). The CMM was developed by Walter von Lucadou in an effort to offer a solution to the problems of replicability and decline effect in parapsychological experiments, namely in ‘psychokinesis’. Supported by von Lucadou's Model of Pragmatic Information (MPI) and von Lucadou, Walach and Romer's (2007) Generalised Quantum Theory (GQT), the model correlates physical variables produced by a Markov-chain random number generator with psychological variables measured from the participant before the PK task. The method claims that correlations produced between psychological and physical variables during the experimental session considered as statistically significant should be interpreted as non-local entanglement correlations. The two experiments used the same method and were pre-registered at the KPU registry at the University of Edinburgh. Each experimental session took on average 20 to 30 minutes depending on the rhythm of the participant. Forty-four participants completed 213 sessions in the first experiment, and 105 participants contributed 200 sessions in the second experiment. In both experiments participants were asked to influence solely by intention, a physical target shown on a computer screen which was controlled by the output of the random number generator. The psychological data was derived from button presses to reflect the subject’s intention as well to fulfil the CMM requirement of organisational closure, i.e. to maintain the participant interacting with the physical process so the experimental session is a whole structure. As a control analysis, a permutation method was used to generate new correlations using data from each experimental variable separately. The permutation also cleanses dependencies between the existing variables. A non-parametric correlation coefficient, Spearman’s Rho, was calculated across all subjects and sessions to calculate the number of significant correlations at p<0.05. In both experiments the number of significant correlations produced between participant influence and values produced by random number generator were very significantly more than the ones produced by the control method. Limitations in the method, and in the analyses are discussed, also suggestions for further experiments are explored.
The thesis explores whether mind can interact directly with matter, i.e., with a physical system, without the use of any known physical interaction. The concept, called psychokinesis, is yet an unexplained phenomenon. The study of paranormal manifestations has been arduous due to the difficulty in replicating its findings. To address the problem Walter von Lucadou developed a method called Correlation Matrix Method (CMM) that endeavours to explain i t. CMM is supported by the Model of Pragmatic Information (MPI) and Generalised Quantum Theory. These theories based on principles from quantum physics were translated by analogy into a general quantum theory to be applied to the field of psychology. Links established between physics, psychology and parapsychology are then explored in the thesis. The CMM method consists of correlating psychological behaviours produced by participants with the behaviour of a random number generator, to investigate whether participants can mentally influence the random number generator. Previous experiments conducted by von Lucadou and Walach showed significant results. This thesis replicate s the former experiments in five studies to test the reliability of CMM. The first two studies were exact replications of the original studies by Lucadou and Walach. The s ame random number generator (RNG), software program and protocol were used in the replications. Study 3, whether the number of participants was relevant against the number of sessions produced. In study 4 and 5 a new type of RNG, was introduced to compare with the performance of the original RNG. A new method for control and for data analysis were introduced and compared with the orig inal.
The Landau theory of phase and phase transition, which describes the state of matter by the spontaneous symmetry breaking, and the Fermi liquid theory of interacting Fermi systems are the two corner stones of contemporary condensed matter physics. They act as our starting points to understand the structure, excitations and phase transitions of any condensed matter system. According to such a Landau paradigm, an interacting Fermi system will behave just as non-interacting Fermi gas system at sufficient low energy, if the interaction is not strong enough to induce a symmetry breaking phase transition in the system. In such a case, the perturbation expansion in the interaction strength is assumed to converge and the low energy excitation can be connected to that of a Fermi gas system adiabatically. In strongly correlated electron systems, such as the high temperature superconductors and quantum antiferromagnets, a pertubative picture on the interaction effect usually fails. The correlation effect between the electrons can induce new forms of order that are beyond the Landau symmetry breaking paradigm. Non-Fermi liquid behavior can emerge in the fully symmetric correlated phases. The Mott insulating phase and the quantum spin liquid phase are the most prominent example of such exotic state of matter. After about three decades of intensive studies, people find that the quantum non-locality effect is at the heart of such new forms of order. The quantum non-locality effect manifests itself in the emergence of gauge degree of freedom in the low energy physics of such strongly correlated system. Such emergent gauge filed is not only important for the characterization and classification of the ground state structure, but is also directly responsible for the non-Fermi liquid behavior of the system. The Landau paradigm should be extended to accommodate such new forms of order and the related new form of excitations and new universal class of phase transitions. Such an extension will elevate our understanding of the structure of matter to the level of quantum wave function. Unlike the conventional symmetry breaking order, which is characterized by the correlation functions between local physical observables, the new form of orders, which are commonly called quantum order (with the topological order as one of its typical example), can be better characterized by the entanglement property in the quantum wave function. From a mathematical point of view, the new form of order is closely related to the projective representation theory of the symmetry group, while the conventional symmetry breaking order is well described by the linear representation theory of the symmetry group.