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SECOND INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON SUPERINTEGRABLE SYSTEMS IN CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS Theory Interaction of Attosecond Electromagnetic Pulses with Atoms: The Exactly Solvable Model *

Yu. V. Popov, Konstantin Alekseevich Kouzakov, Sergue Il'ich Vinitsky, Alexander A. Gusev

Published Jan 1, 2007• 0 citations
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Abstract

We consider the exactly solvable model of interaction of zero-duration electromagnetic pulses with an atom. Themodel has a number of peculiar properties which are outlined in the cases of a single pulse and two opposite pulses. In perspective, it can be useful in different fields of physics involving interaction of attosecond laser pulses with quantum systems. PACS numbers: 32.80.Rm DOI: 10.1134/S1063778807030222

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We consider the exactly solvable model of interaction of zero-duration electromagnetic pulses with an atom. Themodel has a number of peculiar properties which are outlined in the cases of a single pulse and two opposite pulses. In perspective, it can be useful in different fields of physics involving interaction of attosecond laser pulses with quantum systems. PACS numbers: 32.80.Rm DOI: 10.1134/S1063778807030222
Inelastic processes and the reemission of attosecond and shorter electromagnetic pulses by atoms have been considered within the analytical solution of the Schrödinger equation in the sudden perturbation approximation. A method of calculations with the exact inclusion of spatial inhomogeneity of the field of an ultrashort pulse and the momenta of photons in the reemission processes has been developed. The probabilities of inelastic processes and spectra of reemission of ultrashort electromagnetic pulses by one- and many-electron atoms have been calculated. The results have been presented in the form of analytical formulas.
Inelastic processes and the reemission of attosecond and shorter electromagnetic pulses by atoms have been considered within the analytical solution of the Schrödinger equation in the sudden perturbation approximation. A method of calculations with the exact inclusion of spatial inhomogeneity of the field of an ultrashort pulse and the momenta of photons in the reemission processes has been developed. The results have been presented in the form of analytical formulas. The probabilities of inelastic processes and spectra of reemission of ultrashort electromagnetic pulses by single-electron atoms have been calculated.
In the present thesis, the interaction between atoms in superposition states and attosecond pulses is studied from the microscopic to the macroscopic regime. Using a semi-classical framework, three different models have been explored in order to investigate attosecond light--matter interaction processes. The first model is a microscopic, single-atom model. Through using this model, the absorption and the radiation of an external attosecond pulse was studied for several atomic superposition states and pulse energies. The second model was composed by two coupled atoms, where the interaction was described by either dipole-dipole or radiation interaction. The model was validated by simulating the Förster resonant phenomena. In addition, this model was used to determine the behaviour of the interactions with respect to separation distance and the initial states of the atoms. It was found that dipole-dipole interaction is dominant in the near field, whilst radiation interaction is dominant in the far field. Additionally, it was found that superpositions with high principal quantum numbers increase the strength of the dipole-dipole interaction but not the radiation interaction. The simulated results have been validated, in the short-time regime, using perturbation theory. The last model investigated in this thesis is a macroscopic many-atom model. It was implemented in order to simulate the propagation of an attosecond pulse through a large sample of atoms. Utilising this model, collective effects of many-atom systems were studied. It was found that a macroscopic sample emits collimated radiation and that dissipation of pulse energy in a macroscopic sample retains the behaviour of radiation produced by a single atom but that it is deformed by the propagation through the sample. The models explored in this thesis can be used in the study of light-matter interaction on the attosecond timescale with inter-atomic interactions and collective effects. The work presented here can be built on further to investigate research areas such as the dipole-blockade effect in cold atom physics, ionisation due to inter-atomic interaction or collective coherent effects.
The development of methods of generation of ultrashort pulses (USP) of femto- and attosecond duration ranges with controlled parameters necessitates the theoretical study of features of their interaction with a matter. Among such features that do not exist in case of “long” pulses should first of all be the nonlinear dependence of the photoprocess probability W on the USP duration as well as the dependence on the carrier phase with respect to the pulse envelope. It should be noted that if the dependence of the probability W on the phase manifests itself either only for very short pulses, when ωt 1 too for fields of moderate strength, when the perturbation theory is applicable. The present work is dedicated to the theoretical analysis of two-photon excitation of hydrogen atom in a discrete energy spectrum by ultrashort electromagnetic pulses of femto- and subfemtosecond ranges of durations. As examples, excitation of hydrogen atom from the ground state to excited states with a zero orbital moment is considered.