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Chinese Optics Letters

Generation of temporal multimode squeezed states of femtosecond pulse light

Chihua Zhou Chihua Zhou, Changchun Zhang Changchun Zhang, haijiang liu, Kui Liu, Hengxin Sun, Jiangrui Gao Jiangrui Gao

Published Jan 1, 2017• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Nonclassical optical frequency combs play essential roles in quantum computation in the continuous variable regime. In this work, we generate multimode nonclassical frequency comb states using a degenerate type-I synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator and directly observe the squeezing of the leading five temporal modes of femtosecond pulsed light. The overlapping spectra of these modes mean that the temporal modes are suitable for use in real-world quantum information applications.

DOI
10.3788/col201715.092703

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Nonclassical optical frequency combs play essential roles in quantum computation in the continuous variable regime. In this work, we generate multimode nonclassical frequency comb states using a degenerate type-I synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator and directly observe the squeezing of the leading five temporal modes of femtosecond pulsed light. The overlapping spectra of these modes mean that the temporal modes are suitable for use in real-world quantum information applications.
Multimode nonclassical states of light are an essential resource in quantum computation with continuous variables [1]. They can be generated either by mixing different squeezed light sources using linear optical operations [2], or directly in a multimode optical device [3, 4]. Synchronously Pumped Optical Parametric Oscillators (SPOPO) — which correspond to an OPO pumped by a train of ultrashort pulses that are synchronized with the cavity round-trip time — have been theoretically shown to be promising devices for the generation of multimode nonclassical frequency combs, since a SPOPO is a sole optical cavity acting as an assembly of independent squeezers in a particular basis called the supermodes basis [5]. The supermodes are optical frequency combs with specific spectrum and phase profiles that are determined by the length of the intracavity nonlinear crystal and the pulse shape of the pump.
Multimode nonclassical states of light are an essential resource in quantum computation with continuous variables, for example, in cluster state computation. We report in this Letter the first experimental evidence of a multimode nonclassical frequency comb in a femtosecond synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator. In addition to a global reduction of its quantum intensity fluctuations, the system features quantum correlations between different parts of its frequency spectrum. This allows us to show that the frequency comb is composed of several uncorrelated eigenmodes having specific spectral shapes, two of them at least being squeezed, and to characterize their spectral shapes.
We show that synchronously pumped Optical Parametric Oscillators are able to generate strongly squeezed trains of femtosecond pulses in “supermodes”, which are well defined superpositions of many modes of different frequencies. In some conditions, several supermodes can be simultaneously squeezed. In addition, we show that the use of such squeezed trains of pulses can improve time transfer between remote clocks and ranging techniques beyond the standard quantum limit provided they have an optimized temporal shape.
Nonclassical optical frequency combs find tremendous utility in quantum information and high-precision quantum measurement.The characteristics of a type-I synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator with the TEM 01 transverse mode below threshold are investigated and a squeezing of 0.7 dB for an optical frequency comb squeezed light field with the TEM 01 transverse mode is obtained under the pump power of 130 mW.This work has a promising application in three-dimensional space-time measurement.
The novel aspect of this study is grounded on the fact that squeezing spectrum of a finite set of super-modes operators can be below the standard quantum limit, giving a clear image that the system is a highly quantum multi-mode system. In fact, not only the super-mode of minimum threshold is perfectly squeezed at threshold but, further, all the other super-modes have nonclassical character and are significantly squeezed provided that their threshold is sufficiently close to the minimum one. It is concluded that synchronously pumped OPOs reveal to be very interesting devices for studying frequency combs at the quantum level. Their quantum multi-modal behavior could be exploited for generation of nonclassical states of the light used for implement optical time measurement of great sensitivity or quantum information protocols.
Entanglement among multiple modes is a necessary resource in the field of quantum information technology. In this context, frequency comb sources of femtosecond pulsed light represent a useful resource, with approximately 10^5 individual frequency modes across the pulse bandwidth and it has been recently shown that a synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillator (SPOPO) can generate highly multimode nonclassical states of light. A high degree of control over the mode structure of the output can thus be achieved by shaping the spectral mode of the pump beam using a pulse shaper. The SPOPO setup is also a promising platform for the simulation of quantum optical networks. Energy exchanges have been characterized for several models of networks via the measurement of the spectral density function and the observation of quantum non-Markovian behavior.