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IET Communications

A new two‐stage decoding scheme with unreliable path search to lower the error‐floor for low‐density parity‐check codes

Pilwoong Yang, Bohwan Jun, Jong‐Seon No, Hosung Park

Published Jul 22, 2017• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

In this study, the authors propose a new two‐stage decoding scheme for low‐density parity‐check codes to lower the error‐floor, which consists of the conventional belief propagation (BP) decoding algorithm as the first‐stage decoding and the re‐decodings with manipulated log‐likelihood ratios (LLRs) of variable nodes as the second‐stage decoding. In the first‐stage decoding, an early stopping criterion is proposed for early detection of decoding failure and the candidate set of the variable nodes are determined, which can be partly included in the small trapping sets. In the second‐stage decoding, the scores of the variable nodes in the candidate set are computed by the proposed unreliable path search algorithm and the variable nodes are sorted in ascending order by their scores for the re‐decoding trials. Each re‐decoding trial is performed by BP decoding algorithm with manipulated LLR of a selected variable node in the candidate set one at a time with the second early stopping criterion. The parallel unreliable path search algorithm is also proposed for practical application of the proposed algorithm. Numerical results show that the proposed early stopping criteria and the proposed decoding algorithms for the second‐stage decoding can correct most of the unsuccessfully decoded codewords by the first‐stage decoding in the error‐floor region.

DOI
10.1049/iet-com.2017.0092

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A two-stage decoding algorithm to lower the error-floor for low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes is presented. An efficient stopping criterion is proposed to avoid unnecessary iterations in the first stage. If the stopping criterion is reached, the first stage decoding will be terminated and the second stage decoding will be started, where the unsuccessfully decoded words are re-decoded by manipulating the log-likelihood ratio (LLR) of two types of specifically selected variable nodes. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively lower the error floor of LDPC codes while maintaining a low decoding complexity.
In this letter, we propose a multi-stage decoding scheme with post-processing for low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes, which remedies the rapid performance degradation in the high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) range known as error floor. In the proposed scheme, the unsuccessfully decoded words of the previous decoding stage are re-decoded by manipulating the received log-likelihood ratios (LLRs) of the properly selected variable nodes. Two effective criteria for selecting the probably erroneous variable nodes are also presented. Numerical results show that the proposed scheme can correct most of the unsuccessfully decoded words of the first stage having oscillatory behavior, which are regarded as a main cause of the error floor.
In this paper, a hybrid decoding scheme is proposed to lower the error floor of low-density parity-check codes. With the observation that some error bits' LLR values oscillate throughout iterative decoding procedure, a "feedback BP" (FBP) decoding algorithm is presented as second-stage decoding cell to reduce the phenomena of oscillations. The hybrid decoding scheme, which consists LLR-BP decoding algorithm and FBP decoding algorithm, detects errors in the codewords obtained by using the parity check equations of LDPC codes. Simulation results show that the new decoding scheme exhibits a lower error floor than that of belief propagation decoding algorithm in the moderate and high SNR region.
Low density parity-check (LDPC) codes are a class of linear block codes that are decoded by running belief propagation (BP) algorithm or log-likelihood ratio belief propagation (LLR-BP) over the factor graph of the code. One of the disadvantages of LDPC codes is the onset of an error floor at high values of signal to noise ratio caused by trapping sets. In this paper, we propose a two stage decoder to deal with different types of trapping sets. Oscillating trapping sets are taken care by the first stage of the decoder and the elementary trapping sets are handled by the second stage of the decoder. Simulation results on regular PEG (504,252,3,6) code shows that the proposed two stage decoder performs significantly better than the standard decoder.
Low density parity-check (LDPC) codes are a class of linear block codes that are decoded by running belief propagation (BP) algorithm or log-likelihood ratio belief propagation (LLR-BP) over the factor graph of the code. One of the disadvantages of LDPC codes is the onset of an error floor at high values of signal to noise ratio caused by trapping sets. In this paper, we propose a two stage decoder to deal with different types of trapping sets. Oscillating trapping sets are taken care by the first stage of the decoder and the elementary trapping sets are handled by the second stage of the decoder. Simulation results on the regular PEG (504,252,3,6) code and the irregular PEG (1024,518,15,8) code shows that the proposed two stage decoder performs significantly better than the standard decoder.