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Physical Review A

Phase-modulated photon antibunching in a two-level system coupled to two cavities

Changqing Wang, Yulong Liu, Re-Bing Wu, Yu-xi Liu

Published Jul 11, 2017• 33 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Nonclassical light fields can be generated from two coupled cavities that are interacted with a two-level system. This scheme is drawing extensive attention because the mode coupling can reduce the requirement of coupling constants between the light fields and the two-level system. However, the effect of phase differences between different coupling constants on photon antibunching is always neglected. Considering a two-level system interacting with two coupled cavities, we analyze the statistical properties of the cavity field and show that the photon antibunching can be affected by the phase differences of coupling constants between the two-level system and the cavity modes, or between the cavity modes and the driving fields, and thus we can engineer the phases to optimally modulate single-photon sources or nonclassical light fields.

DOI
10.1103/physreva.96.013818

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Nonclassical light fields can be generated from two coupled cavities that are interacted with a two-level system. This scheme is drawing extensive attention because the mode coupling can reduce the requirement of coupling constants between the light fields and the two-level system. However, the effect of phase differences between different coupling constants on photon antibunching is always neglected. Considering a two-level system interacting with two coupled cavities, we analyze the statistical properties of the cavity field and show that the photon antibunching can be affected by the phase differences of coupling constants between the two-level system and the cavity modes, or between the cavity modes and the driving fields, and thus we can engineer the phases to optimally modulate single-photon sources or nonclassical light fields.
We theoretically investigate the photon statistics in a cavity quantum electrodynamics system of a single quantum dot coupled to a bimodal nanocavity. It is shown in a recent work [A. Majumdar, M. Bajcsy, A. Rundquist, and J. Vu\ifmmode \check{c}\else \v{c}\fi{}kovi\ifmmode \acute{c}\else \'{c}\fi{}, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 183601 (2012)] that the system can generate strongly sub-Poissonian light when one of the cavity modes is driven coherently and resonantly. We study the two-mode coherent driving regime of the coupled system. The effect of additional cavity mode driving on statistical characteristics of photon emission is presented by evaluating the zero-delay second-order correlation function g2{g}^{2}g2(0). The antibunching character can be optimized by regulating the ratio between driving strengths of two cavity modes to achieve optimal combination of superbunched and coherent light. As a result g2{g}^{2}g2(0) can be reduced up to several orders of magnitude [g2{g}^{2}g2(0)$\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\sim}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}101010{}^{\ensuremath{-}7}]withpropersystemparameters,comparedwiththeone−modedrivingsystem[] with proper system parameters, compared with the one-mode driving system []withpropersystemparameters,comparedwiththeone−modedrivingsystem[{g}^{2}(0)(0)(0)\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\sim}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}$0.1].
A quantum emitter coupled to an optical bimodal cavity in the solid-state implementation has recently proven to be an excellent platform for coherent generation of nonclassical light on a chip. However, the impacts of the structural couplings between the photonic modes via different arrangements of optical cavity and waveguide are rarely considered. Here, we explore in detail the characteristics of the photon antibunching in bimodal cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) via taking into account two different cavity-waveguide arrangements: (i) an inline geometry and (ii) a side-coupled geometry. In our scheme, both cavity modes are simultaneously coupled to a two-level emitter but are not directly coupled to each other, owing to their orthogonal polarizations. It is clearly shown that the quality of the photon antibunching in the bimodal cavity QED, namely, the smallness of the second-order intensity correlation function at zero time, is closely related to the cavity-waveguide arrangements. The optimal photon antibunching can be achieved in the side-coupled geometry and the antibunching quality is about two orders of magnitude lower than that in the inline geometry. This enhancement of the photon antibunching is ascribed to the combination of two kinds of quantum interference effects in the waveguide-cavity QED system. We also find that the side-coupled architecture can make the device robust against the frequency mismatch between the two cavity modes, as compared to the inline geometry. In addition, we find that this mismatch can be used to generate better antibunching. The realization of our proposal with existing cavity-waveguide QED architectures is also discussed.1 MoreReceived 15 September 2018DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.98.053801©2018 American Physical SocietyPhysics Subject Headings (PhySH)Research AreasCavity quantum electrodynamicsQuantum description of light-matter interactionQuantum interference effectsTechniquesCavity resonatorsAtomic, Molecular & Optical
We consider a single two-level atom in an optical cavity, in which the system is driven by a coherent driving field. In the bad-cavity limit, when the cavity loss rate is taken to be large compared to the atomic decay rate and atom-field coupling, the cavity field can be adiabatically eliminated from the equations of motion for the atomic operators. The main effect of the cavity in this limit is the enhancement of spontaneous emission into the cavity mode. For this model, the second-order intensity correlation function g(2)() has been shown to exhibit photon antibunching, sub-Poissonian photon number distributions, and other nonclassical effects.1 In this paper, analytic results are presented for g(2)() for both the transmitted and fluorescent light fields when broadband squeezed light is injected into the cavity. Effects of the squeezing on nonclassical behavior is examined.
The single-photon routing properties in the system composed of two waveguides and two coupled cavities interacting with a two-level system are investigated theoretically. The phases of the coupling strengths are considered. The analytical expressions for the single-photon routing probabilities are obtained. The study shows that single-photon routing in a single waveguide or between two waveguides can be switched on or off by modulating the phase difference between the coupling constants. The analytical results also exhibit that the coupling between the two nanocavities plays an important role in the phase-dependent single-photon routing. We also show numerically the influence of the dissipation of cavities and atoms on routing properties. Our results may be useful in controlling and manipulating light-matter interactions based on waveguides at the single-photon level.
\n\nLight-emitting atoms or material in a cavity are well known to generate thermal or coherent fields depending on, e.g., the quality of the cavity and the strength of the excitation of the emitting material. We investigate the possibilities of generating antibunched photons and nonclassical light by adding nonlinear elements in the cavity and show that it is indeed feasible. In particular, we focus on cavities with emitters formed by macroscopic many-body systems like gas of excitons in semiconductor quantum wells where different nonlinearities in the emitters and absorbers will be shown to lead to bunched, Poissonian, and antibunched photon statistics. We show that, while the single two-state system with suitable coupling parameters can produce antibunched photons, macroscopic systems need an additional nonlinearity to generate antibunching phenomenon. Our results demonstrate that a nonclassical cavity field can be generated by a conventional laser when a suitable nonlinear absorbing element is added to the cavity structure. Thus, the proposed device configuration can be manufactured using standard optoelectronic materials and processing techniques.\n