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Advances in Applied Science Research

A study of Bloembergenâs three level maser and phenomenon of inhibition of transition between quantum states by frequent measurements

Rajib Kumar Dubey

Published Jan 1, 2011• 0 citations
OpenAlex

Abstract

The Quantum Zeno effect is the phenomenon of inhibition of transition between quantum states by frequent measurements. The term Quantum Zeno effect (QZE) was originally introduced by E.C.G.Sudarshan and it may be applied to explain various transitions. In the present work we discuss the essential features of Bloembergen’s three level maser and its connection with Quantum Zeno effect

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The Quantum Zeno effect is the phenomenon of inhibition of transition between quantum states by frequent measurements. The term Quantum Zeno effect (QZE) was originally introduced by E.C.G.Sudarshan and it may be applied to explain various transitions. In the present work we discuss the essential features of Bloembergen’s three level maser and its connection with Quantum Zeno effect
Itano and co-workers [Wayne M. Itano, D. J. Heinzen, J. J. Bollinger, and D. J. Wineland, Phys. Rev. A 41, 2295 (1990)] have recently reported the experimental verification of the quantum Zeno effect, which is the inhibition of a quantum transition by frequent measurements. In this article, we offer an alternative interpretation of the quantum Zeno effect. We show that an analysis of the dynamics of the full three-level system gives the same result. There is no need to assume explicitly that the wave function has collapsed, nor even to assume that an ideal measurement has been made. In addition, we differentiate between what has been referred to as the quantum Zeno effect and what has been termed the quantum Zeno paradox. The former is the inhibition of induced transitions, and the latter is the, as yet experimentally unobserved, inhibition of spontaneous decay. Our interpretation, which emphasizes the ``measurement''-induced interruption of atomic-state coherences as the cause of inhibited quantum transitions, suggests a resolution to the quantum Zeno paradox. The theoretical limit of continuous observation is discussed.
The quantum Zeno effect (QZE) is the striking prediction that the decay of any unstable quantum state can be inhibited by sufficiently frequent observations (measurements). The consensus opinion has upheld the QZE as a general feature of quantum mechanics, which should lead to the inhibition of any decay. The claim of QZE generality hinges on the assumption that successive observations can in principle be made at time intervals too short for the system to change appreciably. However, this assumption and the generality of the QZE have scarcely been investigated thus far. We have addressed these issues by showing that (i) the QZE is principally unattainable in radiative or radioactive decay, because the required measurement rates would cause the system to disintegrate; (ii) decay acceleration by frequent measurements (the anti-Zeno effect -- AZE) is much more ubiquitous than its inhibition. The AZE is shown to be observable as the enhancement of tunneling rates (e.g., for atoms trapped in ramped-up potentials or in current-swept Josephson junctions), fluorescence rates (e.g., for Rydberg atoms perturbed by noisy optical fields) and photon depolarization rates (in randomly modulated Pockels cells).
The quantum Zeno effect (QZE) introduced by Misra and Sudarshan consists in the ability of repeated measurements to inhibit or slow down unitary evolution. Its fundamental status in quantum mechanics has long been firmly established, but its much broader context, in-depth understanding and its applications are growing at a faster pace than ever before. Over the years, there have been several pivotal developments that have made the QZE and related effects the basic paradigms underlying the control of evolution in quantum systems:
The effect of the anti-rotating terms on the short-time evolution and the quantum Zeno (QZE) and anti-Zeno (AQZE) effects is studied for a two-level system coupled to a bosonic environment. A unitary transformation and perturbation theory are used to obtain the electron self-energy, energy shift and the enhanced QZE or the AQZE, simultaneously. The calculated Zeno time depends on the atomic transition frequency sensitively. When the atomic transition frequency is smaller than the central frequency of the spectrum of boson environment, the Zeno time is prolonged and the anti-rotating terms enhance the QZE; when it is larger than that the Zeno time is reduced and the anti-rotating terms enhance the AQZE. PACS numbers: 03.65.Xp; 42.50.Ct; 03.65.Yz 1 The quantum Zeno effect (QZE) and anti-Zeno effects (AQZE) have been widely discussed for decades theoretically [** * early papers and recent papers] and recently experimentally [***the paper of Ref. B and others]. In an unstable quantum twolevel (multi-level) system, frequently measurement can reduce or accelerate the decay