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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Solitons as the early stage of quasicondensate formation during evaporative cooling

Piotr Deuar, Emilia Witkowska, Mariusz Gajda, Kazimierz Rza̧żewski

Published Jun 17, 2011• 0 citations
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Solitons as the Early Stage of Quasicondensate Formation during Evaporative Cooling

Emilia Witkowska, Piotr Deuar, Mariusz Gajda +1 more

We calculate the evaporative cooling dynamics of trapped one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates for parameters leading to a range of condensates and quasicondensates in the final equilibrium state, using the classical fields method. We confirm that solitons are created during the evaporation process by the Kibble-Zurek mechanism, but subsequently dissipate during thermalization. However, their signature remains in the phase coherence length, which is approximately conserved during dissipation in this system.

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Growth of a Bose-Einstein condensate: a detailed comparison of theory and experiment

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We extend the earlier model of condensate growth of Davis et al (Davis M J, Gardiner C W and Ballagh R J 2000 Phys. Rev. A 62 063608) to include the effect of gravity in a magnetic trap. We carry out calculations to model the experiment reported by Köhl et al (Köhl M, Davis M J, Gardiner C W, Hänsch T and Esslinger T 2001 Preprint cond-mat/0106642) who study the formation of a rubidium Bose-Einstein condensate for a range of evaporative cooling parameters. We find that, in the regime where our model is valid, the theoretical curves agree with all the experimental data with no fitting parameters. However, for the slowest cooling of the gas the theoretical curve deviates significantly from the experimental curves. It is possible that this discrepancy may be related to the formation of a quasicondensate.

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Spontaneous creation of solitons by shock cooling sodium Bose-Einstein condensates

M.A. van Gogh

We study the formation of defects in a Bose-Einstein condensate as is described by the Kibble-Zurek mechanism. The mechanism describes the formation of defects when a second order phase transition is crossed at a finite rate. This is done by shock cooling or quenching the last part of the evaporative cooling process where the transition into the condensed state is made. This allows for the study of the amount of solitons formed as a function of the quench time with the ultimate goal of determining the critical exponents of the phase transition. The amount of solitons is predicted by the Kibble-Zurek mechanism to scale as the quench time to the power alpha, which we attempted to measure. The dynamics of solitons are also studied in order to determine the time scale on which they decay. This turns out to be in the order of 0.29 seconds, and thus an important factor, since we consider quench times in the order of seconds. When correcting for the decay on this timescale, it turns out that alpha is extremely sensitive to variations in the decay time and therefore we were not able to give conclusive evidence on a value for the exponent. Instead we estimate the value of alpha to be between 0.5 and 2, based on our measurements.

•Feb 11, 2015•0 citations
We calculate the evaporative cooling dynamics of trapped one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates for parameters leading to a range of condensates and quasicondensates in the final equilibrium state, using the classical fields method. We confirm that solitons are created during the evaporation process by the Kibble-Zurek mechanism, but subsequently dissipate during thermalization. However, their signature remains in the phase coherence length, which is approximately conserved during dissipation in this system.
We extend the earlier model of condensate growth of Davis et al (Davis M J, Gardiner C W and Ballagh R J 2000 Phys. Rev. A 62 063608) to include the effect of gravity in a magnetic trap. We carry out calculations to model the experiment reported by Köhl et al (Köhl M, Davis M J, Gardiner C W, Hänsch T and Esslinger T 2001 Preprint cond-mat/0106642) who study the formation of a rubidium Bose-Einstein condensate for a range of evaporative cooling parameters. We find that, in the regime where our model is valid, the theoretical curves agree with all the experimental data with no fitting parameters. However, for the slowest cooling of the gas the theoretical curve deviates significantly from the experimental curves. It is possible that this discrepancy may be related to the formation of a quasicondensate.
We study the formation of defects in a Bose-Einstein condensate as is described by the Kibble-Zurek mechanism. The mechanism describes the formation of defects when a second order phase transition is crossed at a finite rate. This is done by shock cooling or quenching the last part of the evaporative cooling process where the transition into the condensed state is made. This allows for the study of the amount of solitons formed as a function of the quench time with the ultimate goal of determining the critical exponents of the phase transition. The amount of solitons is predicted by the Kibble-Zurek mechanism to scale as the quench time to the power alpha, which we attempted to measure. The dynamics of solitons are also studied in order to determine the time scale on which they decay. This turns out to be in the order of 0.29 seconds, and thus an important factor, since we consider quench times in the order of seconds. When correcting for the decay on this timescale, it turns out that alpha is extremely sensitive to variations in the decay time and therefore we were not able to give conclusive evidence on a value for the exponent. Instead we estimate the value of alpha to be between 0.5 and 2, based on our measurements.