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WORLD SCIENTIFIC eBooks

Vortex Creation in Quantum Fluid Phase Transitions: An Experimental Perspective

Peter Megson, Itamar Shani, Daniel Perry Lathrop

Published Jul 16, 2017• 0 citations
Publisher
DOI
10.1142/9789813207431_0011

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Quantum vortexes and phase transition in Bose systems

V. N. Popov

•Feb 1, 1973•2 citations

Motion of vortex lines in quantum mechanics

Cezary Śliwa, Iwo Białynicki‐Birula, Zofia Białynicka-Birula +1 more

In quantum theory, vortex lines arise in the hydrodynamic interpretation of the wave equation. In this interpretation, which is originally due to Madelung, the flow of the probability density for a single particle is described in terms of the hydrodynamic variables. For the sake of simplicity, the standard time-dependent Schrödinger equation, and the related vortex lines embedded in the probability fluid of the quantum particle, are considered here. A vortex line in this case is simply the curve defined by equating the wave function to zero. The linearity of the Schrödinger equation enables us to obtain a large family of exact time-dependent analytic solutions for the wave functions with vortex lines. Moreover, the method is general enough to allow for various initial configurations of the vortex lines. Although the equation of motion of the quantum mechanical probability fluid is different in its literal form from the equations describing the real physical fluid, we believe that the evolution of the vorticity in the quantum and in the real fluid share the same qualitative features that can be described in terms of the topology of the vortex lines configurations. The general phenomena such as the switch-over, creation and annihilation of vortices can be observed in the quantum mechanical fluid. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.

Kluwer Academic Publishers eBooks•Dec 16, 2005•0 citations

Vortex nucleation as a case study of symmetry breaking in quantum systems

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Shell-shaped Bose–Einstein condensates: Dynamics, excitations, and thermodynamics

Brendan Rhyno, Kuei Sun, Jude Bedessem +3 more

Shell-shaped Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) represent a paradigmatic instance of quantum fluids in hollow geometries exhibiting phenomena that bridge from ultracold atomic to astrophysical realms. In this work, we present a comprehensive survey of the dynamics, thermodynamics, and collective excitations of shell-shaped BECs, synthesizing two decades of our group's theoretical work in light of recent experimental breakthroughs. We begin by analyzing the evolution of a BEC from filled-sphere to hollow-shell geometries, illustrating the necessity of microgravity conditions to avoid gravitational sag. We then analyze the collective mode structure across this evolution and pinpoint a universal dip in the frequency spectra as well as mode reconfiguration due to inner-surface excitations as robust signatures of the hollowing-out transition. Turning to vortex physics, we show that the closed-surface topology enforces vortex–antivortex configurations in shell-shaped BECs and that the natural annihilation of these pairs can be stabilized by rotation, with the critical rotation rate depending on shell thickness. In the thermodynamic domain, we investigate the interplay between shell inflation and the BEC phase transition, where adiabatic expansions lead to condensate depletion. This behavior motivates a study of the nonequilibrium dynamics of shell-shaped BECs; we perform such a study by constructing a time-dependent dynamic technique that can capture the evolution in both adiabatic and non-adiabatic regimes. Finally, we review recent experimental realizations of shell-shaped BECs, including the landmark creation of ultracold shells aboard the International Space Station, and outline prospects for exploring quantum fluids in curved geometries.

arXiv:2512.13858•AVS Quantum Science•Mar 1, 2026•1 citation

Quantum-mechanical Formation of Vortices in a Superfluid Liquid

Григорий Ефимович Воловик

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Vortex creation, annihilation, and nonlinear dynamics in atomic vapors

Pierre Azam, Adam Griffin, Sergey Nazarenko +1 more

We exploit techniques for generating vortices and controlling their interactions in an optical beam in a nonlinear atomic vapor. A precise control of the vortex positions allows us to observe strong interactions leading to vortex dynamics involving annihilations. With this improved controlled nonlinear system, we get closer to the pure hydrodynamic regime than in previous experiments while a wavefront sensor offers us a direct access to the fluid's density and velocity. Finally, we developed a relative phase shift method which mimics a time evolution process without changing nonlinear parameters. These observations are an important step toward the experimental implementation of a two-dimensional turbulent state.

arXiv:2203.04059•Physical Review A•Apr 14, 2022•20 citations
In quantum theory, vortex lines arise in the hydrodynamic interpretation of the wave equation. In this interpretation, which is originally due to Madelung, the flow of the probability density for a single particle is described in terms of the hydrodynamic variables. For the sake of simplicity, the standard time-dependent Schrödinger equation, and the related vortex lines embedded in the probability fluid of the quantum particle, are considered here. A vortex line in this case is simply the curve defined by equating the wave function to zero. The linearity of the Schrödinger equation enables us to obtain a large family of exact time-dependent analytic solutions for the wave functions with vortex lines. Moreover, the method is general enough to allow for various initial configurations of the vortex lines. Although the equation of motion of the quantum mechanical probability fluid is different in its literal form from the equations describing the real physical fluid, we believe that the evolution of the vorticity in the quantum and in the real fluid share the same qualitative features that can be described in terms of the topology of the vortex lines configurations. The general phenomena such as the switch-over, creation and annihilation of vortices can be observed in the quantum mechanical fluid. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Shell-shaped Bose–Einstein condensates (BECs) represent a paradigmatic instance of quantum fluids in hollow geometries exhibiting phenomena that bridge from ultracold atomic to astrophysical realms. In this work, we present a comprehensive survey of the dynamics, thermodynamics, and collective excitations of shell-shaped BECs, synthesizing two decades of our group's theoretical work in light of recent experimental breakthroughs. We begin by analyzing the evolution of a BEC from filled-sphere to hollow-shell geometries, illustrating the necessity of microgravity conditions to avoid gravitational sag. We then analyze the collective mode structure across this evolution and pinpoint a universal dip in the frequency spectra as well as mode reconfiguration due to inner-surface excitations as robust signatures of the hollowing-out transition. Turning to vortex physics, we show that the closed-surface topology enforces vortex–antivortex configurations in shell-shaped BECs and that the natural annihilation of these pairs can be stabilized by rotation, with the critical rotation rate depending on shell thickness. In the thermodynamic domain, we investigate the interplay between shell inflation and the BEC phase transition, where adiabatic expansions lead to condensate depletion. This behavior motivates a study of the nonequilibrium dynamics of shell-shaped BECs; we perform such a study by constructing a time-dependent dynamic technique that can capture the evolution in both adiabatic and non-adiabatic regimes. Finally, we review recent experimental realizations of shell-shaped BECs, including the landmark creation of ultracold shells aboard the International Space Station, and outline prospects for exploring quantum fluids in curved geometries.
We exploit techniques for generating vortices and controlling their interactions in an optical beam in a nonlinear atomic vapor. A precise control of the vortex positions allows us to observe strong interactions leading to vortex dynamics involving annihilations. With this improved controlled nonlinear system, we get closer to the pure hydrodynamic regime than in previous experiments while a wavefront sensor offers us a direct access to the fluid's density and velocity. Finally, we developed a relative phase shift method which mimics a time evolution process without changing nonlinear parameters. These observations are an important step toward the experimental implementation of a two-dimensional turbulent state.