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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

A photonic quantum diode using superconducting qubits

Andrés Rosario Hamann, Maximilian Zanner, Markus Jerger, Mikhail Pletyukhov, Joshua Combes, Clemens M uller, Alexandre Roulet, Martin P. Weides, Thomas M. Stace, Arkady Fedorov

Published Mar 16, 2017• 0 citations
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We theoretically demonstrate that a superconducting circular current induced in a semiconductor results in emission of orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) entangled photon pairs upon carrier recombination. Combining the macroscopic Ginzburg-Landau theory and the microscopic Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) theory, we investigate the emission of a superconducting light-emitting diode (SLED) with a spatially varying phase profile in the superconducting order parameter. We show that in the active region of the SLED with a circular supercurrent, radiative recombination processes inherit the order parameter phase and result in photon pairs emitted into modes of different OAM quantum numbers. We demonstrate that coherent superposition of superconducting qubit eigenstates can also be mapped onto a coherent superposition of emitted photon states. We also show that other recombination processes due to thermally excited quasi particles do not significantly degrade the state purity. Our results introduce an original scheme for generating OAM-entangled photons enabling a new method of transmitting superconducting qubit information to photonic channels thereby bridging the gap between solid-state and photon-based platforms for quantum communications and information processing.
Abstract In superconducting circuits, bidirectional signal propagation can cause back-reflections and back-action that couple environmental noise back to coherent elements, degrading fidelity. Nonreciprocal superconducting diodes provide an intrinsic route to suppress such back-scattering at the circuit level. However, their diode efficiency and quantum integration remain limited. Here, we realize a quantum diode in twisted NbSe 2 under in-plane and out-of-plane magnetic fields. A mere 1 ∘ twist yields an efficiency enhancement over pristine devices, reaching 27.6%. Quantum simulations reveal that this intermediate efficiency, well below 100% ideal, is both experimentally practical and optimal for preserving qubit anharmonicity and stabilizing two-level systems. These findings show that maximal rectification is not always beneficial for quantum information, establishing a new principle for designing the fundamental properties of twisted superconductors towards low-power, high-fidelity quantum circuits.
Introducing new components and functionalities into quantum devices is critical in advancing state-of-the-art hardware. Here, we propose superconducting diodes (SDs) as a coherent nonreciprocal element in circuit quantum electrodynamics (cQED) architectures. In particular, we use an asymmetric SQUID as an SD controlled with a flux bias - nonreciprocal element with single control handle and on-chip modality. We spectroscopically characterize SD and show that flux bias acts cooperatively with the nonlinear diode response to induce direction-dependent resonance shifts in the transmission spectrum. We show that even with modest diode efficiency the isolation isolation ratio is sufficiently high, and scales with multiple SDs. We demonstrate the use of the SD as a coupler to realize coherent nonreciprocal qubit-qubit coupling. With a minimal two qubit system, we demonstrate nonreciprocal half-iSWAP, thereby showcasing the potential of intrinsic nonreciprocity as a tool to perform arbitrary two-qubit gates. Our work enables high-fidelity signal routing and entanglement generation in all-to-all connected microwave quantum networks, where nonreciprocity is embedded at the device level.