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Nano Convergence

Squeezing effects applied in nonclassical superposition states for quantum nanoelectronic circuits

Jeong Ryeol Choi

Published Jun 29, 2017• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum characteristics of a driven series RLC nanoelectronic circuit whose capacitance varies with time are studied using an invariant operator method together with a unitary transformation approach. In particular, squeezing effects and nonclassical properties of a superposition state composed of two displaced squeezed number states of equal amplitude, but 180° out of phase, are investigated in detail. We applied our developments to a solvable specific case obtained from a suitable choice of time-dependent parameters. The pattern of mechanical oscillation of the amount of charges stored in the capacitor, which are initially displaced, has exhibited more or less distortion due to the influence of the time-varying parameters of the system. We have analyzed squeezing effects of the system from diverse different angles and such effects are illustrated for better understanding. It has been confirmed that the degree of squeezing is not constant, but varies with time depending on specific situations. We have found that quantum interference occurs whenever the two components of the superposition meet together during the time evolution of the probability density. This outcome signifies the appearance of nonclassical features of the system. Nonclassicality of dynamical systems can be a potential resource necessary for realizing quantum information technique. Indeed, such nonclassical features of superposition states are expected to play a key role in upcoming information science which has attracted renewed attention recently.

DOI
10.1186/s40580-017-0111-4

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Quantum characteristics of a driven series RLC nanoelectronic circuit whose capacitance varies with time are studied using an invariant operator method together with a unitary transformation approach. In particular, squeezing effects and nonclassical properties of a superposition state composed of two displaced squeezed number states of equal amplitude, but 180° out of phase, are investigated in detail. We applied our developments to a solvable specific case obtained from a suitable choice of time-dependent parameters. The pattern of mechanical oscillation of the amount of charges stored in the capacitor, which are initially displaced, has exhibited more or less distortion due to the influence of the time-varying parameters of the system. We have analyzed squeezing effects of the system from diverse different angles and such effects are illustrated for better understanding. It has been confirmed that the degree of squeezing is not constant, but varies with time depending on specific situations. We have found that quantum interference occurs whenever the two components of the superposition meet together during the time evolution of the probability density. This outcome signifies the appearance of nonclassical features of the system. Nonclassicality of dynamical systems can be a potential resource necessary for realizing quantum information technique. Indeed, such nonclassical features of superposition states are expected to play a key role in upcoming information science which has attracted renewed attention recently.
Quantum properties of a superposition state for a series RLC nanoelectronic circuit are investigated. Two displaced number states of the same amplitude but with opposite phases are considered as components of the superposition state. We have assumed that the capacitance of the system varies with time and a time-dependent power source is exerted on the system. The effects of displacement and a sinusoidal power source on the characteristics of the state are addressed in detail. Depending on the magnitude of the sinusoidal power source, the wave packets that propagate in charge( q )-space are more or less distorted. Provided that the displacement is sufficiently high, distinct interference structures appear in the plot of the time behavior of the probability density whenever the two components of the wave packet meet together. This is strong evidence for the advent of nonclassical properties in the system, that cannot be interpretable by the classical theory. Nonclassicality of a quantum system is not only a beneficial topic for academic interest in itself, but its results can be useful resources for quantum information and computation as well.
: The time behavior of DSN (displaced squeezed number state) for a two-dimensional electronic circuit composed of nanoscale elements is investigated using unitary transformation approach. The original Hamiltonian of the system is somewhat complicated. However, through unitary transformation, the Hamiltonian became very simple enough that we can easily treat it. By executing inverse transformation for the wave function obtained in the transformed system, we derived the exact wave function associated to the DSN in the original system. The time evolution of the DSN is described in detail, and its corresponding probability density is illustrated. We confirmed that the probability density oscillates with time like that of a classical state. There are two factors that drive the probability density to oscillate: One is the initial amplitude of complementary functions, and the other is the external power source. The oscillation associated with the initial amplitude gradually disappears with time due to the dissipation raised by resistances of the system. These analyses exactly coincide with those obtained from classical state. The characteristics of quantum fluctuations and uncertainty relations for charges and currents are also addressed.
The quantum fluctuations of the charge and current in a non-dissipative mesoscopic circuit with coupled inductors and capacitors are studied for the squeezed vacuum state. The influence of the phase angle upon the quantum fluctuations is discussed in particular. Our results indicate that when the circuit parameters remain constant and the phases θ of the two circuits are equal, the squeezing of the charge or its conjugate variable increases. When the difference of the two phases equals π, the squeezing will deteriorate. Therefore, if we want to decrease the quantum noise, we should not only control the amplitude r , but also control the phase θ carefully.
Approximating a continuous superposition by a discrete one leads to an understanding of the role of quantum interference in generating squeezed coherent states, and in its quantum properties. It was shown that discrete superposition with a large enough number of coherent states with appropriate coefficients can have practically the same features as the squeezed coherent state. Dependent on the parameters W, r and 8, different numbers of coherent states are required for the interference fringe to form a Wigner function resembling that of the squeezed vacuum state and to reduce the deviation below a certain value. For the case of rotating the direction of squeezing, about 20 states were required to lower the deviation to 0.05%, while 640 states would be necessary when a unit displacement along the imaginary axis is included. When only a few coherent states are superimposed, the resulting state changes chaotically. In the case when the approximated squeezed coherent state was displaced along the imaginary axis an interesting Schrodinger cat-like state was found with about 20 coherent states on the real axis. At this point a significant peak occurs in the variances of the quadratures. It turned out that non-classical states can be effectively produced by a discrete superposition of coherent states with the coefficients derived from the one-dimensional representation of the given state.
This paper studied the time evolution of quantum state in a mesoscopic LC circuit with the coupling energy caused by mesoscopic capacitor acting as a tunnel junction. It indicates that the state of the junction evolves into the quantum superposition of two coherent states and, in the state, nonclassical squeezing properties of the circuit appear. It also indicates that the dynamic behavior of the current shows collapse and revival phenomenon. The research in the paper will be helpful to miniaturize integrate circuits and electric components. It will be also important for the utilization of mesoscopic circuits to evolve the quantum states, which work as information carriers.
A mesoscopic circuit, where field quantization (e.g., coherent states and squeezed states) can be exhibited, is one of the ideal quantum systems for manifesting diverse quantum field theoretical phenomena and thermally statistical characteristics. Because of inevitable electromagnetic coupling (e.g., mutual capacitor coupling and mutual inductor coupling) in two neighboring mesoscopic electric circuits, quantum effects relevant to mesoscopic circuit coupling may play a key role in some devices of quantum information processing. Such a circuit coupling can lead to circuit entangled states, where the Fock number states of energy quanta in different circuits are entangled with each other. Since the time dependence in parameters of coupled-circuit Hamiltonian would result from environmental perturbations (e.g., temperature fluctuations in devices) or from some controllable manipulation (e.g., an incident ultrasonic wave), the circuit entangled states would evolve due to these external conditions. Time evolution of entangled states in coupled mesoscopic circuits is considered within a framework of time-dependent quantum theoretical formalism. Note that an applied photon field can also be coupled to such quantum entangled circuits. Then it is possible that an effect of entanglement transfer (i.e., transportation of superposition coefficients in the entangled state) from the quantum mesoscopic coupled LC circuits to the applied external photon field would also occur under some proper parameter conditions. The present characteristics of both quantized coupled mesoscopic circuits and entanglement transfer can also be found in some alternative microscopic- and mesoscopic-scale devices such as the systems in cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED).