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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Dynamics of correlations in long-range quantum systems follwing a quantum quench

Lorenzo Cevolani, Giuseppe Carleo, Laurent Sanchez-Palencia

Published Mar 17, 2017• 0 citations
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Long-range interacting spin systems are ubiquitous in physics and exhibit a variety of ground-state disorder-to-order phase transitions. We consider a prototype of infinite-range interacting models known as the Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick model describing the collective interaction of N spins and investigate the dynamical properties of fluctuations and correlations after a sudden quench of the Hamiltonian. Specifically, we focus on critical quenches, where the initial state and/or the postquench Hamiltonian are critical. Depending on the type of quench, we identify three distinct behaviors where both the short-time dynamics and the stationary state at long times are effectively thermal, quantum, and genuinely nonequilibrium, characterized by distinct universality classes and static and dynamical critical exponents. These behaviors can be identified by an infrared effective temperature that is finite, zero, and infinite (the latter scaling with the system size as N^{1/3}), respectively. The quench dynamics is studied through a combination of exact numerics and analytical calculations utilizing the nonequilibrium Keldysh field theory. Our results are amenable to realization in experiments with trapped-ion experiments where long-range interactions naturally arise.
Quantum quenches to or near criticality give rise to the phenomenon of aging, manifested by glassylike dynamics at short times and far from equilibrium. The recent surge of interest in the dynamics of quantum many-body systems has rejuvenated interest in this phenomenon. Motivated by the ubiquitous long-range interactions in emerging experimental platforms, it is vital to study quantum aging in such settings. In this paper, we investigate the dynamical universality and aging in the d-dimensional O(N) model with the long-range coupling 1/x^{d+σ} and in the mean-field limit N→∞ that allows an exact treatment. An immediate consequence of long-range coupling is the emergence of nonlinear light cones. We focus on the correlation and response functions, and identify a rich scaling behavior depending on how the corresponding space-time positions are located relative to each other, via a local light cone, and to the time of the quench via a global quench light cone. We determine the initial-slip exponent that governs the short-time dependence of two-point functions. We highlight the qualitative features of aging due to the long-range coupling, in particular in the region outside the light cones. As an important consequence of long-range coupling, the correlation function decays as 1/x^{d+σ} outside the quench light cone while increasing polynomially with the total time after quench. This is while, for short-time differences, the two-time response function "equilibrates" at all distances even outside this light cone. Our analytic findings are in excellent agreement with exact numerics, and provide a useful benchmark for modern experimental platforms with long-range interactions.
Long-range interactions exhibit surprising features which have been less explored so far. Here, studying a one-dimensional fermionic chain with long-range hopping and pairing, we discuss some general features associated to the presence of long-range entanglement. In particular, after determining the algebraic decays of the correlation functions, we prove that a long-range quantum mutual information exists if the exponent of the decay is not larger than one. Moreover, we show that the time evolution triggered by a quantum quench between short-range and long-range regions, can be characterized by dynamical quantum phase transitions without crossing any phase boundary. We show, also, that the adiabatic dynamics is dictated by the divergence of a topological length scale at the quantum critical point, clarifying the violation of the Kibble-Zurek mechanism for long-range systems.