Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

International Journal of Quantum Information

Two-state magnetic field Aharonov–Bohm effect and the wave–particle duality in a Mach–Zehnder interferometer

M. Bendahane, M. El Atiki, Ahmed Kassou-Ou-Ali

Published Jun 29, 2017• 1 citation
Publisher

Abstract

In this work, we study the wave particle duality and the Aharonov–Bohm effect in a Mach–Zehnder interferometer in a magnetic field which is in a superposition of two opposite directions. In addition, a “classical” experimental scheme is proposed which mimics such an interferometer.
DOI
10.1142/s0219749917500320

Related papers

Revisiting Wave–Particle Duality: A Simulation of Single-Photon Interference in a Mach–Zehnder Interferometer

Iheka, Joy Ugochukwu

This project revisits wave-particle duality by simulating single-photon interference in a Mach–Zehnder interferometer using Python. Results from this research show that interference emerges not because photons are both waves and particles, but because their probability amplitudes add coherently in superposition, which simplifies the interpretation of complementarity and connects directly to modern applications of quantum photonics in communication and quantum information processing.

•Nov 11, 2025•0 citations

New Mechanism of Aharonov Bohm Effect

Jiaqing Yan

The traditional Aharonov Bohm effect (AB effect) attributes the light and dark fringes on screen to phase interference of electron matter wave. It presumes that the magnetic field outside the solenoid equals zero and particles receive no force. This system has long served as key support for wave particle duality. This paper completely abandons the hypothesis of wave interference and quantum phase. It establishes the model of electron vibrating point particle to reveal the real physical mechanism of AB effect. Fringes are not superposition product of waves. They are formed by differential deflection of charged electrons under magnetic force and Coulomb repulsion, followed by regular superposition of two upper and lower particle beams. Both magnetic force and Coulomb repulsion are long range forces. They only differ in effective action range and variation rule of force with distance. Comparative experiments using direct current solenoid and direct current long straight wire can falsify the unrealistic assumption that magnetic field outside coil cancels out to zero. Supporting single side shielding verification experiment can directly test the correctness of orthodox quantum interpretation. Electrons have no wave property. As long as point particles with inherent vibration are modulated by field, they can form fringe similar to interference fringe. Photons are also point particles with inherent vibration. When photons pass through slits, they interact with slit wall and produce deflection, so as to form photon diffraction and interference fringes. The hypothesis of wave particle duality is invalid.

•Oct 2, 2026•0 citations

Electrodynamic Aharonov-Bohm effect

Pablo L. Saldanha

We propose an electrodynamic Aharonov-Bohm (AB) scheme where a nonzero AB phase difference appears even if the interferometer paths do not enclose a magnetic flux and are subjected to negligible scalar potential differences during the propagation of the quantum charged particle. In the proposal, the current in a solenoid outside the interferometer varies in time while the quantum particle is in a superposition state inside two Faraday cages, such that it is always subjected to negligible electromagnetic fields. At first glance, this result could challenge the topological nature of the AB effect. However, by considering the topology of the electromagnetic field configuration and the possible particle trajectories in spacetime, we demonstrate the topological nature of this situation.

arXiv:2302.14542•Physical Review A•Dec 22, 2023•7 citations

Revisiting Wave–Particle Duality: A Simulation of Single-Photon Interference in a Mach–Zehnder Interferometer

Joy

This project revisits the problem by simulating single-photon interference in a Mach–Zehnder interferometer using Python. Results from this research show that interference emerges not because photons are both waves and particles, but because their probability amplitudes add coherently in superposition, which simplifies the interpretation of complementarity and connects directly to modern applications of quantum photonics in communication and quantum information processing.

•Nov 10, 2025•0 citations

Experimental test of the first- and second-order duality relations for the two-photon states

Jie‐Hui Huang, Hongyu Liu, Jiangrui Gao +2 more

The first- and second-order wave-particle dualities for two-photon states are investigated in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. These duality relations are experimentally tested through two-photon pure states and two-photon mixed states. The experimental results are in full agreement with the theoretical predictions. The optical fields exhibiting the same first-order particlelike and wavelike behaviors may carry entirely different second-order duality information, which implies that the higher-order duality relations are a useful tool for analyzing the wave-particle duality for multiphoton states.

Physical Review A•Jul 19, 2013•8 citations

Wave–particle duality in a Raman atom interferometer

Aiai Jia, Jun Jie Yang, Shuhua Yan +3 more

We theoretically investigate the wave–particle duality based on a Raman atom interferometer, via the interaction between the atom and Raman laser, which is similar to the optical Mach–Zehnder interferometer. The wave and which-way information are stored in the atomic internal states. For the φ − π − π /2 type of atom interferometer, we find that the visibility ( V ) and predictability ( P ) still satisfy the duality relation, P 2 + V 2 ≤ 1.

Chinese Physics B•Aug 1, 2015•1 citation
The traditional Aharonov Bohm effect (AB effect) attributes the light and dark fringes on screen to phase interference of electron matter wave. It presumes that the magnetic field outside the solenoid equals zero and particles receive no force. This system has long served as key support for wave particle duality. This paper completely abandons the hypothesis of wave interference and quantum phase. It establishes the model of electron vibrating point particle to reveal the real physical mechanism of AB effect. Fringes are not superposition product of waves. They are formed by differential deflection of charged electrons under magnetic force and Coulomb repulsion, followed by regular superposition of two upper and lower particle beams. Both magnetic force and Coulomb repulsion are long range forces. They only differ in effective action range and variation rule of force with distance. Comparative experiments using direct current solenoid and direct current long straight wire can falsify the unrealistic assumption that magnetic field outside coil cancels out to zero. Supporting single side shielding verification experiment can directly test the correctness of orthodox quantum interpretation. Electrons have no wave property. As long as point particles with inherent vibration are modulated by field, they can form fringe similar to interference fringe. Photons are also point particles with inherent vibration. When photons pass through slits, they interact with slit wall and produce deflection, so as to form photon diffraction and interference fringes. The hypothesis of wave particle duality is invalid.
We propose an electrodynamic Aharonov-Bohm (AB) scheme where a nonzero AB phase difference appears even if the interferometer paths do not enclose a magnetic flux and are subjected to negligible scalar potential differences during the propagation of the quantum charged particle. In the proposal, the current in a solenoid outside the interferometer varies in time while the quantum particle is in a superposition state inside two Faraday cages, such that it is always subjected to negligible electromagnetic fields. At first glance, this result could challenge the topological nature of the AB effect. However, by considering the topology of the electromagnetic field configuration and the possible particle trajectories in spacetime, we demonstrate the topological nature of this situation.
The first- and second-order wave-particle dualities for two-photon states are investigated in a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. These duality relations are experimentally tested through two-photon pure states and two-photon mixed states. The experimental results are in full agreement with the theoretical predictions. The optical fields exhibiting the same first-order particlelike and wavelike behaviors may carry entirely different second-order duality information, which implies that the higher-order duality relations are a useful tool for analyzing the wave-particle duality for multiphoton states.