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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Progress towards state detection of molecular ions using quantum logic techniques

Shiqian Ding, Meng Gao, Roland Hablützel, Dzmitry Matsukevich

Published Jun 5, 2013• 0 citations
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Quantum Logic Techniques for Transition Metal and Molecular Ions

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High-precision spectroscopy of atomic and molecular ions is an established platform for investigating fundamental aspects of physics. An important step in this direction was the development of quantum logic techniques that enable the spectroscopy of ions whose electronic structure does not allow direct laser cooling. Particularly challenging in this context is the investigation of atomic and molecular systems with many long-lived metastable states. The preparation of a pure quantum state for spectroscopy purposes often requires the prior detection of these long-lived states. For molecular ions, schemes for the detection of their rotational degree of freedom have already been developed in the past. However, quantum logic control of transition metals, in which the many metastable states result from several valence electrons, remained elusive. In this cumulative thesis, the first experimental implementation of a quantum logic assisted scheme for internal state detection of atomic systems as complex as a titanium ion is presented. Furthermore, a scheme based on simultaneous co-magnetometry for measuring the Landé g factor was developed and demonstrated for different fine structure states in 48Ti+. The presented method allows the suppression of systematic uncertainties arising from varying magnetic fields at the position of the ion and can be transferred to a variety of other species. Crucial for quantum logic based applications is the reliable preparation of a two-ion crystal consisting of one spectroscopy ion and one logic ion. A third aspect of this work is the deterministic preparation of such a two-ion crystal. The method based on fluorescence imaging is associated with a significantly reduced calibration effort compared to other schemes and can be easily transferred to other combinations of spectroscopy and logic ions. The quantum logic control capabilities demonstrated in this work are applicable to a wide range of other atoms with complex electronic structures as well as to molecular ions. The investigation of transition metals can provide important reference data for the calibration of absorption spectra from astrophysical objects. Molecular ions have applications in the search for a possible variation of fundamental constants or the measurement of energy shifts caused by an electron electric dipole moment, both representing promising approaches to test the standard model of particle physics.

•Jan 1, 2026•0 citations
Abstract Precision spectroscopy has been the driving force for progress of our physical understanding and still is a promising tool for the investigation of new physics. Molecules offer transitions which allow tests that are not possible in atomic systems. However, usually precision spectroscopy of molecules is challenging due to the lack of cycling transitions for state preparation and state detection. For molecular ions, this obstacle can be overcome by quantum logic spectroscopy, where dissipation for state preparation and detection is provided by a co-trapped atomic ion exploiting the shared eigenstates of motion. Here, we propose a full quantum logic spectroscopy scheme for molecular oxygen ions and theoretically investigate the feasibility of quantum logic-assisted state detection and preparation. Furthermore, we provide coupling rates for a direct single-photon quadrupole excitation of a vibrational overtone transition that can serve as a sensitive reference for tests of a possible variation of the proton-to-electron mass ratio.
High-precision spectroscopy of atomic and molecular ions is an established platform for investigating fundamental aspects of physics. An important step in this direction was the development of quantum logic techniques that enable the spectroscopy of ions whose electronic structure does not allow direct laser cooling. Particularly challenging in this context is the investigation of atomic and molecular systems with many long-lived metastable states. The preparation of a pure quantum state for spectroscopy purposes often requires the prior detection of these long-lived states. For molecular ions, schemes for the detection of their rotational degree of freedom have already been developed in the past. However, quantum logic control of transition metals, in which the many metastable states result from several valence electrons, remained elusive. In this cumulative thesis, the first experimental implementation of a quantum logic assisted scheme for internal state detection of atomic systems as complex as a titanium ion is presented. Furthermore, a scheme based on simultaneous co-magnetometry for measuring the Landé g factor was developed and demonstrated for different fine structure states in 48Ti+. The presented method allows the suppression of systematic uncertainties arising from varying magnetic fields at the position of the ion and can be transferred to a variety of other species. Crucial for quantum logic based applications is the reliable preparation of a two-ion crystal consisting of one spectroscopy ion and one logic ion. A third aspect of this work is the deterministic preparation of such a two-ion crystal. The method based on fluorescence imaging is associated with a significantly reduced calibration effort compared to other schemes and can be easily transferred to other combinations of spectroscopy and logic ions. The quantum logic control capabilities demonstrated in this work are applicable to a wide range of other atoms with complex electronic structures as well as to molecular ions. The investigation of transition metals can provide important reference data for the calibration of absorption spectra from astrophysical objects. Molecular ions have applications in the search for a possible variation of fundamental constants or the measurement of energy shifts caused by an electron electric dipole moment, both representing promising approaches to test the standard model of particle physics.