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Laser Physics

Quantum logic gates based on off-resonant cavity-assisted interaction between three-level atoms and single photons

M Akbari, S N Andrianov, А. А. Калачев

Published Jun 22, 2017• 2 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Abstract A scheme for implementing quantum gates on the basis of a hybrid system that consists of flying photons and a stationary three-level atom interacting with each other in a microring resonator is developed. By employing the Schrieffer–Wolf transformation, it is shown that various two-qubit gates can be implemented under conditions of dispersive interaction without the need for orthogonal Λ structure of optical transitions. As a promising system for implementation, NV centers are considered.

DOI
10.1088/1555-6611/aa7547

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Abstract A scheme for implementing quantum gates on the basis of a hybrid system that consists of flying photons and a stationary three-level atom interacting with each other in a microring resonator is developed. By employing the Schrieffer–Wolf transformation, it is shown that various two-qubit gates can be implemented under conditions of dispersive interaction without the need for orthogonal Λ structure of optical transitions. As a promising system for implementation, NV centers are considered.
We investigate the construction of two universal three-qubit quantum gates in a hybrid system. The designed system consists of a flying photon and a stationary negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center fixed on the periphery of a whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) microresonator, with the WGM cavity coupled to tapered fibers functioning as an add-drop structure. These gate operations are accomplished by encoding the information both on the spin degree of freedom of the electron confined in the NV center and on the polarization and spatial-mode states of the flying photon, respectively. Compared with previous schemes, our proposed scheme leads to a reduction of time and resource consumption in the processing. Moreover, these gates work in a deterministic way with no extra qubits required, which is feasible with current technologies. Both proposed gate operations could be physically implemented in one step, which provides a promising approach for quantum information processing ranging from distributed quantum computation to long-distance quantum communication.
Hybrid quantum gates hold great promise for quantum information processing since they preserve the advantages of different quantum systems. Here we present compact quantum circuits to deterministically implement controlled-NOT, Toffoli, and Fredkin gates between a flying photon qubit and diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers assisted by microcavities. The target qubits of these universal quantum gates are encoded on the spins of the electrons associated with the diamond NV centers and they have long coherence time for storing information, and the control qubit is encoded on the polarizations of the flying photon and can be easily manipulated. Our quantum circuits are compact, economic, and simple. Moreover, they do not require additional qubits. The complexity of our schemes for universal three-qubit gates is much reduced, compared to the synthesis with two-qubit entangling gates. These schemes have high fidelities and efficiencies, and they are feasible in experiment.
Abstract High‐efficiency quantum information processing is equivalent to the fewest quantum resources and simplest operations by means of logic qubit gates. Based on the reflection geometry of a single photon interacting with a three‐level Λ‐type atom‐cavity system, the authors present some refined protocols for realizing controlled‐not (CNOT), Fredkin, and Toffoli gates on hybrid systems. The first control qubit of gates is encoded on a flying photon, and the remaining qubits are encoded on the atoms in the optical cavity. Moreover, these quantum gates can be extended to the optimal synthesis of multi‐qubit CNOT, Fredkin, and Toffoli gates with optical elements without auxiliary photons or atoms. Further, the simplest single‐qubit operations are applied to the photon only, which make these logic gates experimentally feasible with current technology.
Abstract High‐fidelity universal quantum gates are crucial in quantum computing. Three high‐fidelity universal quantum gates, namely the hybrid controlled NOT gate, the hybrid Toffoli gate, and the hybrid Fredkin gate, on a flying photon qubit and diamond nitrogen‐vacancy (NV) centers, assisted by low‐Q single‐sided cavities, are presented. Errors due to the imperfection of the practical input–output process are detected to improve the fidelity of these quantum gates, which therefore relaxes the requirement on their implementation, since strong coupling is no longer mandatory. In addition, quantum gates have the advantage that they can work faithfully even when the resonant condition among the NV center, the photon, and the cavity is not strictly satisfied, or the NV centers are not identical. The performance and success probability of these quantum gates are analyzed, finding that these schemes are feasible with current technology.
High-efficiency quantum information processing is equivalent to the fewest quantum resources and the simplest operations by means of logic qubit gates. Based on the reflection geometry of a single photon interacting with a three-level ΛΛΛ-typle atom-cavity system, we present some refined protocols for realizing controlled-not (CNOT), Fredkin, and Toffoli gates on hybrid systems. The first control qubit of our gates is encoded on a flying photon, and the rest qubits are encoded on the atoms in optical cavity. Moreover, these quantum gates can be extended to the optimal synthesis of multi-qubit CNOT, Fredkin and Toffoli gates with O(n) optical elements without auxiliary photons or atoms. Further, the simplest single-qubit operations are applied to the photon only, which make these logic gates experimentally feasible with current technology.
In this paper, we focus on a hybrid quantum computing architecture using stationary qubits inside an optical cavity and flying qubits (photons). It has been shown that direct qubit–qubit interactions for two-qubit gate implementations can be replaced by the experimentally less demanding generation of single photons on demand and linear optics photon pair measurements. The outcomes of these measurements indicate either the completion of the gate or the presence of the original qubits such that the operation can be repeated until success.