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A Review of Five Approaches of Quantum Potential Including Madelung Hydrodynamics Formulation

Victor Christianto, Florentín Smarandache

Published Jun 1, 2017• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

It has been long known that a year after Schrodinger published his equation, Madelung also published a hydrodynamics version of Schrodinger equation. But it is often misinterpreted by many contemporary physicists, especially after the famous Bohmian quantum potential. In this paper we will review quantum potential by five different approaches, including Madelung hydrodynamics, complex Madelung, and also Navier-Stokes hydrodynamics approach. In the last section we will also discuss a new expression of quantum potential based on complex Riccati equation. It is our hope that these methods can be verified and compared with experimental data. But we admit that more researches are needed to fill all the missing details.

DOI
10.20944/preprints201707.0001.v1

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It has been long known that a year after Schrodinger published his equation, Madelung also published a hydrodynamics version of Schrodinger equation. But it is often misinterpreted by many contemporary physicists, especially after the famous Bohmian quantum potential. In this paper we will review quantum potential by five different approaches, including Madelung hydrodynamics, complex Madelung, and also Navier-Stokes hydrodynamics approach. In the last section we will also discuss a new expression of quantum potential based on complex Riccati equation. It is our hope that these methods can be verified and compared with experimental data. But we admit that more researches are needed to fill all the missing details.
It is shown that the Bohmian mechanics and the Madelung quantum hydrodynamics are different theories and the latter is a better ontological interpretation of quantum mechanics. A new stochastic interpretation of quantum mechanics is proposed, which is the background of the Madelung quantum hydrodynamics. Its relation to the complex mechanics is also explored. A new complex hydrodynamics is proposed, which eliminates completely the Bohm quantum potential. It describes the quantum evolution of the probability density by a convective diffusion with imaginary transport coefficients.
The mass and momentum transfer phenomena in a compressible fluid represented by the Navier–Stokes equations are shown to convert into the Schrödinger equation for quantum mechanics. The complete Navier–Stokes equations render into an extended generalized version of Schrödinger equation. These results complement the Madelung’s (Zeitschrift für Physik 40 (3–4), pp. 322–326, 1926–1927) derivations that show how Schrödinger’s equation in quantum mechanics can be converted into the Euler equations for irrotational compressible flow. The theoretical results presented here join the classical Madelung paper to suggest the possibility that quantum effects at sub-atomic levels deal with a compressible fluid susceptible to wave propagation, rather than a particle. The link between such a fluid and the “quantum particle” is under current investigation.
It has been long known that a year after Schrodinger published his equation, Madelung also published a hydrodynamics version of Schrodinger equation. Quantum diffusion is studied via dissipative Madelung hydrodynamics. Initially the wave packet spreads ballistically, than passes for an instant through normal diffusion and later tends asymptotically to a sub‐diffusive law. In this paper we will review two different approaches, including Madelung hydrodynamics and also Bohm potential. Madelung formulation leads to diffusion interpretation, which after a generalization yields to Ermakov equation. Since Ermakov equation cannot be solved analytically, then we try to find out its solution with Mathematica package. It is our hope that these methods can be verified and compared with experimental data. But we admit that more researches are needed to fill all the missing details.
The hydrodynamical form of Wigner–Dunkl quantum mechanics has been formulated. The main step to get such formulation was to derive a pair of Madelung-like equations (called Madelung–Wigner–Dunkl equations) from the Schrödinger equation appearing in Wigner–Dunkl quantum mechanics. Some aspects of both equations contained in the pair, i.e. the inhomogeneous continuity equation and the quantum Hamilton–Jacobi equation, have been investigated and discussed. With certain assumption, the relation between the expectation value of the quantum potential appearing in the quantum Hamilton–Jacobi equation and the so-called Fisher information has been derived. Then an uncertainty relation between momentum and position which may be tighter than the standard uncertainty relation has been derived by using Cramér–Rao inequality and Fisher information.
Quantum Fluids follow Quantum Dynamical Equation(s), which were not known till date. There exist a set of two equations that is semi classical approach to Quantum Fluids called Madelung’s Equations. But a new fully quantum variant of Madelung’s Equations when embedded in the Schrodinger Equation is gives full description of evolution of Quantum fluid with respect to time and position. The equation presented in this article has two unknown variables, one is density and other is velocity field as a function of spatial and time coordinates. The equation presented in this article, is derived from Schrodinger Equation, obeying Continuity equation, and Navier Strokes Equation. Bohm’s potential was externally added in Madeline’s equation. But the new equation which is fully quantum mechanical in nature; Bohm’s potential appears out of the equation, which is interesting to observe. Astrophysical cold stellar dynamics and condensed fluids have the main application of this equation. Quantum fluids show strange behaviour when compared to normal fluids. It is also shown that quantum fluid also has spins which has no classical analog.
Abstract Quantum Fluids follow Quantum Dynamical Equation(s), which were not known till date. There exist a set of two equations, that is semiclassical approach to Quantum Fluids called Madelung’s Equations. But a new fully quantum variant of Madelung’s Equations when embedded in the Schrodinger Equation is gives full description of evolution of Quantum fluid with respect to time and position. The equation presented in this article has two unknown variables, one is density and other is velocity field as a function of spatial and time coordinates. The equation presented in this article, is derived from Schrodinger Equation, obeying Continuity equation, and Navier Strokes Equation. Bohm’s potential were externally added in Madeline’s equation. But the new equation which is fully quantum mechanical in nature; Bohm’s potential appears out of the equation, which is interesting to observe. Astrophysical cold stellar dynamics and condensed fluids have the main application of this equation. Quantum fluids show strange behaviour when compared to normal fluids. It is also shown that quantum fluid also have spins which has no classical analog.