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Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics

Dynamic effect of a microwave field on weak localization

Sergey A. Vitkalov, Gennadii M. Gusev, Zee Don Kvon, Grigory I. Leviev, Vladimir I. Fal’ko

Published May 1, 1988• 2 citations
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Microwave fields can be used to drive local spin transitions in quantum gases and for outcoupling of cold atomic beams from magnetic traps. In this paper, we derive an analytic theory for the outcoupling rate as a response to weak microwave fields of varying frequency and power. The theory holds for thermal clouds and Bose-Einstein condensates. It allows for calculating transition rates in arbitrary magnetic trap geometries and includes the effect of gravity. We verify our theory by measuring the flux of outcoupled atoms at the single-particle level. The derived spectral response is important for magnetic noise spectroscopy with quantum gases, and for probing quantum gas dynamics with single atom detectors in real time.
We propose and demonstrate what we believe to be a novel method for measuring the polarization direction of a microwave electric field in a single measurement using a Rydberg atom-based mixer with two orthogonally polarized local microwave electric fields. This approach eliminates the need for physical rotation of the local field, allowing the polarization angle of the signal field to be determined directly by measuring the ratio of the two beat signals. Furthermore, introducing a weak static magnetic field enables the utilization of the Zeeman effect and exploitation of polarization asymmetry. This distinction allows for determining the polarization direction of the microwave field is θ or 180° - θ within the 0 to 180-degree range. The capability to measure microwave polarization in real-time across this range is very valuable for applications in microwave sensing and information transmission.