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CRC Press eBooks

Quantum Dynamics of Tribosystems

Dmitry N. Lyubimov, Kirill N. Dolgopolov, L.S. Pinchuk

Published Jun 5, 2017• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A concrete realization of a tribosystem, the ‘manifested tribosystem’, is observed in terms of quantum theory, in full accordance with the meaning given to fundamental concept by P. Dirac. A manifested tribosystem is a result of the information field perturbation is properly tribosystem being in the initial nonlocal quantum state. Under the quantum approach, a tribosystem is born by perturbations of the primary information field at the measurement, like splashes from a liquid surface when various items fall there and like those splashes break up into separate drops, individual visible tribosystems arise. The use of formalism and the views of perturbation theory as the basis for quantum system dynamics are based on the definition of motion as energy exchange of a physical system with the environment or neighboring physical systems. The physical consideration of the impact of physical fields on the kinetics of tribophysical processes, based on applying continuum electrodynamics, is a complicated task from the mathematical point of view.

DOI
10.1201/9781315153476-4

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A concrete realization of a tribosystem, the ‘manifested tribosystem’, is observed in terms of quantum theory, in full accordance with the meaning given to fundamental concept by P. Dirac. A manifested tribosystem is a result of the information field perturbation is properly tribosystem being in the initial nonlocal quantum state. Under the quantum approach, a tribosystem is born by perturbations of the primary information field at the measurement, like splashes from a liquid surface when various items fall there and like those splashes break up into separate drops, individual visible tribosystems arise. The use of formalism and the views of perturbation theory as the basis for quantum system dynamics are based on the definition of motion as energy exchange of a physical system with the environment or neighboring physical systems. The physical consideration of the impact of physical fields on the kinetics of tribophysical processes, based on applying continuum electrodynamics, is a complicated task from the mathematical point of view.
Any quantum particle at rest has a probability amplitude that characterizes the possibility to find this system in any point of phase multidimensional space. This chapter establishes the dependencies between the energies of various states of a manifested tribosystem, which, in turn, is a product of reduction of a quantum non-local ‘properly tribosystem’. Quantum mechanism of frictional interaction is based on the assumption that the friction force may be represented as an exchange of special quasiparticles, tribons, the quanta of frictional interaction, between the surfaces. There are two approaches to the notation of the motion equation in quantum mechanics. They are called Schrodinger and Heisenberg pictures. The diagonal elements of the density matrix describe the basic state of a quantum system and the off-diagonal elements characterize the correlations inside a tribosystem. The points on the Bloch sphere surface corresponding to the pure state are localized near the poles of the system; the other points correspond to mixed quantum states.
The present work deals with the changes which evolve in the tribosystem from the viewpoint of the quantum theory of measurement. It is shown that measurement both enables to determine some parameters of the friction unit and affects the tribosystem structure and properties. The theoretical argumentation in the article is based on the most fundamental concepts: the non-force quantum fields, nonlocal correlations, quantum entanglement, and model of H. Everett. The tribosystem evolution is viewed as the set of spatial transitions from non-local original state to tribosystem material state registrable by measurement. Some conclusions from the evolution quantum model are confirmed experimentally by studying triboplasma matter as a quantum object.
When comparing the findings of quantum mechanics with the experimental data, the states would act as two ‘manifestations’ in terms of their observation and in term of their ‘preparing’. It should be emphasized that a physical description using vectors must be perfectly symmetric, which can be interpreted as the isotropy of time, which is expressed in the requirement of a Hermitian character of a quantum space metric. In a number of problems that quantum physics faces, it is very convenient to convert the operators in quantum-mechanical equations into the matrix form. A quantum system generally refers to any physical system described in terms of states with the use of concepts, such as wave function, state vector, and density matrix. Further development of the axioms of quantum mechanics requires the extension of the definition of the ‘state’ concept with the use of space time concepts.
Abstract This book treats the central physical concepts and mathematical techniques used to investigate the dynamics of open quantum systems. To provide a self-contained presentation, the text begins with a survey of classical probability theory and with an introduction to the foundations of quantum mechanics, with particular emphasis on its statistical interpretation and on the formulation of generalized measurement theory through quantum operations and effects. The fundamentals of density matrix theory, quantum Markov processes, and completely positive dynamical semigroups are developed. The most important master equations used in quantum optics and condensed matter theory are derived and applied to the study of many examples. Special attention is paid to the Markovian and non-Markovian theory of environment induced decoherence, its role in the dynamical description of the measurement process, and to the experimental observation of decohering electromagnetic field states. The book includes the modern formulation of open quantum systems in terms of stochastic processes in Hilbert space. Stochastic wave function methods and Monte Carlo algorithms are designed and applied to important examples from quantum optics and atomic physics. The fundamentals of the treatment of non-Markovian quantum processes in open systems are developed on the basis of various mathematical techniques, such as projection superoperator methods and influence functional techniques. In addition, the book expounds the relativistic theory of quantum measurements and the density matrix theory of relativistic quantum electrodynamics.
There is a deeply entrenched view in philosophy and physics, the closed systems view, according to which isolated systems are conceived of as fundamental. On this view, when a system is under the influence of its environment this is always described in terms of a coupling between it and a separate system, which taken together are isolated. There is an alternative, the open systems view, according to which systems interacting with their environment are conceived of as fundamental, and the environment’s influence is represented via the dynamical equations that govern the system of interest’s evolution. In this paper we propose (although the formalism is not original to us) a theoretical framework which we call the general quantum theory of open systems (GT), within which one can make sense of the dynamics of open quantum systems in fundamental terms, and we argue that the open systems view, as formalized in GT, is fundamental in quantum theory.
There is a deeply entrenched view in philosophy and physics, the closed systems view, according to which isolated systems are conceived of as fundamental. On this view, when a system is under the influence of its environment this is always described in terms of a coupling between it and a separate system, which taken together are isolated. There is an alternative, the open systems view, according to which systems interacting with their environment are conceived of as fundamental, and the environment’s influence is represented via the dynamical equations that govern the system of interest’s evolution. In this paper we propose (although the formalism is not original to us) a theoretical framework which we call the general quantum theory of open systems (GT), within which one can make sense of the dynamics of open quantum systems in fundamental terms, and we argue that the open systems view, as formalized in GT, is fundamental in quantum theory.