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Recent experimental progress towards global quantum communication (Conference Presentation)

Qiang Zhang

Published Jun 8, 2017• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Quantum communication can provide information theoretical security communication based on the basic principle of quantum mechanics. Here, I would like to present the recent experimental progress in our group towards global quantum communication, including measurement device independent QKD over in the lab and metropolitan network, quantum teleprotation and entanglement swapping over metropolitan network, trust node based quantum main trunk line and free space quantum communication.

DOI
10.1117/12.2270379

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Quantum communication can provide information theoretical security communication based on the basic principle of quantum mechanics. Here, I would like to present the recent experimental progress in our group towards global quantum communication, including measurement device independent QKD over in the lab and metropolitan network, quantum teleprotation and entanglement swapping over metropolitan network, trust node based quantum main trunk line and free space quantum communication.
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Recent progress in quantum technologies has brought quantum communication and networking from a largely theoretical idea to an emerging practical reality. By exploiting fundamental quantum phenomena such as superposition and entanglement, quantum communication promises capabilities that are fundamentally different and out of reach for classical communication systems, particularly in terms of security and information sharing. This review aims to present the essential theoretical concepts required to understand quantum communication, alongside an experimental and engineering perspective that highlights how these ideas are realized using real hardware. We explain core principles and protocols in a manner that connects the physics to practical system design, allowing readers to see how quantum theory and communication technology jointly enable quantum networking. The paper further surveys recent experimental and technological advances that have made practical quantum communication possible, emphasizing the role of photonic hardware, sources, detectors, and integrated platforms in enabling key operations, now leading to deployment of multi-node long-distance quantum networks. Finally, we also present the current developments in quantum-secure communication and quantum networking efforts undergoing in India, placing them in the context of the global progress.
Long-distance quantum communication is one of the most important tasks in quantum information science. It contains two main motivations: one is the fundamental interests, and the other is the practical requirements. The physical distance of quantum communication over free-space channel has been extended from several meters in the lab to 1000 km through satellite. In this mini-review, we emphasize the progress made toward the global quantum network, mainly following the world’s first satellite-to-Earth quantum communication in 2017. This includes the development of commercial small-scale quantum satellite constellations and high-orbit satellites capable of all-time coverage, as well as the feasibility of quantum communication network. On this basis, we then discussed the possibility of cross-application of free-space quantum communication technology in fundamental physics, precision measurement, and even astronomical observations. Free-space quantum communication presents both challenges and opportunities, playing a crucial role in the future global quantum network.
Quantum key distribution (QKD) together with one time pad encoding can provide information-theoretical security for communication. Currently, though QKD has been widely deployed in many metropolitan fiber networks, its implementation in a large scale remains experimentally challenging. This letter provides a brief review on the experimental efforts towards the goal of global QKD, including the security of practical QKD with imperfect devices, QKD metropolitan and backbone networks over optical fiber and satellite-based QKD over free space.
We can envision an eventual global multi-node quantum network, with hubs located around the planet. This, however, is still a far reach from current state of the art. Here we discuss some of our approaches to bridge the gap. Specifically, we are pursuing airborne and satellite-based free-space quantum communication. Free-space platforms naturally lend themselves to reconfiguration - likely required by a future quantum-secure network -- as nodes may be easily moved/reoriented to target new nodes. We are implementing a multi-copter drone-based quantum cryptography link, including fast, high-resolution optical stabilization; compact, independent sources; and lightweight single-photon detection. Having access to an agile, reconfigurable QKD networking system will enable quantum cryptography to reach applications prohibited by current approaches, such as temporary networks in seaborne, urban, or even battlefield situations. By using transmitters and receivers at higher altitudes, deleterious effects weather events like fog and turbulence can be mitigated. At longer scale, we are pursuing a quantum link from the International Space Station to earth, which will use hyperentanglement to enable a variety of advanced quantum communication protocols, including multi-bit-per-photon key distribution and "superdense" teleportation. With our table-top experiment we have investigated the effects of loss and turbulence, and demonstrated a system to compensate for the otherwise devastating effect of the Doppler effect from the rapidly moving ISS platform.
Being one of the major points of research focus since the end of the twentieth century, quantum computation technologies have experienced significant improvements and is under the progress of forming an inter-connected commercial quantum network in recent years. Communication through quantum mechanisms proved to be considerably more efficient and secure than classical communication protocols. Basic quantum communication networks have the primary composition of quantum processing nodes and channels where the interaction between the nodes is satisfied by the entanglement phenomenon. Quantum networking technology is under rapid development currently and is anticipated to receive milestone achievements shortly.