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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Adiabatically tuning quantized supercurrents and superfluid hysteresis in spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensates

Junpeng Hou, Xi-Wang Luo, Kuei Sun, Chuanwei Zhang

Published Jun 8, 2017• 0 citations
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The ability to generate and tune quantized persistent supercurrents is crucial for building superconducting or atomtronic devices with novel functionalities. In ultracold atoms, previous methods for generating quantized supercurrents are generally based on dynamical processes to prepare atoms in metastable excited states. Here, we show that arbitrary quantized circulation states can be adiabatically prepared and tuned as the ground state of a ring-shaped Bose-Einstein condensate by utilizing spin--orbital-angular-momentum (SOAM) coupling and an external potential. There exists superfluid hysteresis for tuning supercurrents between different quantization values with nonlinear atomic interactions, which is explained by developing a nonlinear Landau-Zener theory. Our work will provide a powerful platform for studying SOAM-coupled ultracold atomic gases and building atomtronic circuits.

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Recently, hysteresis has been observed experimentally in a quantized superfluid circuit [S. Eckel, J. G. Lee, F. Jendrzejewski, N. Murray, C. W. Clark, C. J. Lobb, W. D. Phillips, M. Edwards, and G. K. Campbell, Nature (London) 506, 200 (2014)], which is a very important step for developing atomtronic devices. Here we find that quantized phase slips occur as the angular velocity rises, and the average angular momenta are quantized at special angular velocities, immune to the nonlinear interactions. When the spin and orbital angular momentum coupling is introduced, we find that two hysteresis loops could arise for each spin, and there exists a phase slip for spin up in one loop and spin down in the other loop. At the special angular velocities, a phase slip emerges for spin down in the lower state of the loop. Especially, multistability appears if the angular velocity is located in the hysteretic region. These results can promote experimental verification and pave the way for atomtronic devices.

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Alexander L. Fetter

arXiv:1504.01314•Journal of Low Temperature Physics•Apr 9, 2015•5 citations
The ability to generate and tune quantized persistent supercurrents is crucial for building superconducting or atomtronic devices with novel functionalities. In ultracold atoms, previous methods for generating quantized supercurrents are generally based on dynamical processes to prepare atoms in metastable excited states. Here, we show that arbitrary quantized circulation states can be adiabatically prepared and tuned as the ground state of a ring-shaped Bose-Einstein condensate by utilizing spin--orbital-angular-momentum (SOAM) coupling and an external potential. There exists superfluid hysteresis for tuning supercurrents between different quantization values with nonlinear atomic interactions, which is explained by developing a nonlinear Landau-Zener theory. Our work will provide a powerful platform for studying SOAM-coupled ultracold atomic gases and building atomtronic circuits.
Recently, hysteresis has been observed experimentally in a quantized superfluid circuit [S. Eckel, J. G. Lee, F. Jendrzejewski, N. Murray, C. W. Clark, C. J. Lobb, W. D. Phillips, M. Edwards, and G. K. Campbell, Nature (London) 506, 200 (2014)], which is a very important step for developing atomtronic devices. Here we find that quantized phase slips occur as the angular velocity rises, and the average angular momenta are quantized at special angular velocities, immune to the nonlinear interactions. When the spin and orbital angular momentum coupling is introduced, we find that two hysteresis loops could arise for each spin, and there exists a phase slip for spin up in one loop and spin down in the other loop. At the special angular velocities, a phase slip emerges for spin down in the lower state of the loop. Especially, multistability appears if the angular velocity is located in the hysteretic region. These results can promote experimental verification and pave the way for atomtronic devices.