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Chinese Physics B

Optical encryption scheme based on ghost imaging with disordered speckles

Yu-dong Zhang, Shengmei Zhao

Published May 1, 2017• 23 citations
Publisher

Abstract

An optical encryption scheme based on a ghost imaging system with disordered speckles is proposed to obtain a higher security with a small key. In the scheme, Alice produces the random speckle patterns and obtains the detection results with the help of a computational ghost imaging (CGI) system. Then Alice permutes the order of the random speckle patterns and shares the permutation sequence as a secure key to the authorized users. With the secure key, Bob could recover the object with the principle of the CGI system, whereas, the unauthorized users could not obtain any information of the object. The numerical simulations and experimental results show that the proposed scheme is feasible with a small key, simultaneously, it has a higher security. When the eavesdropping ratio (ER) is less than 40%, the eavesdropper cannot acquire any useful information. Meanwhile, the authorized users could recover completely with the secure key.

DOI
10.1088/1674-1056/26/5/054205

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An optical encryption scheme based on a ghost imaging system with disordered speckles is proposed to obtain a higher security with a small key. In the scheme, Alice produces the random speckle patterns and obtains the detection results with the help of a computational ghost imaging (CGI) system. Then Alice permutes the order of the random speckle patterns and shares the permutation sequence as a secure key to the authorized users. With the secure key, Bob could recover the object with the principle of the CGI system, whereas, the unauthorized users could not obtain any information of the object. The numerical simulations and experimental results show that the proposed scheme is feasible with a small key, simultaneously, it has a higher security. When the eavesdropping ratio (ER) is less than 40%, the eavesdropper cannot acquire any useful information. Meanwhile, the authorized users could recover completely with the secure key.
An optical encryption (OE) scheme based on the spread spectrum ghost imaging (SSGI), named as SSGI-OE, is proposed to obtain a high security with a smaller key. In the scheme, the randomly selected row number of a Hadamard matrix of order N is used as the secure key, and shared with the authorized user, Bob, through a private channel. Each corresponding row vector of the order-N Hadamard matrix is then used as the direct sequence code to modulate a speckle pattern for the ghost imaging system, and an image is encrypted with the help of the SSGI. The measurement results from the bucket detector, named as ciphertext, are then transmitted to Bob through a public channel. The illuminating speckle patterns are also shared with Bob by the public channel. With the correct secure key, Bob could reconstruct the image with the aid of the SSGI system, whereas the unauthorized user, Eve, could not obtain any useful information of the encrypted image. The numerical simulations and experimental results show that the proposed scheme is feasible with a higher security and a smaller key. For the 32 × 32 pixels image, the number of bits sent from Alice to Bob by using SSGI-OE (M = 1024, N = 2048) scheme is only 0.0107 times over a computational ghost imaging optical encryption scheme. When the eavesdropping ratio (ER) is less than 40%, the eavesdropper cannot acquire any information of the encrypted image. The extreme circumstance for the proposed SSGI-OE scheme is also discussed, where the eavesdropper begins to extract the information when ER is up to 15%.
As a computational imaging technology, computational ghost imaging has shown considerable potential for applications in many fields such as secure communication and remote sensing detection. However, the bucket detection value of traditional ghost imaging systems is prone to eavesdropping or tampering during transmission, resulting in information leakage or image distortion. In order to further enhance the security during the imaging process, this paper proposes a scheme for computing ghost imaging based on quantum key encryption. This method uses MATLAB simulation to generate random speckle values and bucket detection values. At the sending end, a QKD system is used to generate a truly random quantum key. The bucket detection value is encrypted using the one-time pad encryption algorithm, and the ciphertext and speckle values are sent to the receiving end through a classical channel; At the receiving end, the bucket detection value is decrypted using the corresponding quantum key, and the reconstruction of the target image is completed by combining the speckle value. Experiments have shown that the encrypted bucket detection value has extremely high security during transmission, and the quality of the decrypted reconstructed image can be measured by the peak signal-to-noise ratio. When the key is accurate, it can reach over 33dB, which is basically consistent with the results obtained from unencrypted imaging.
Computational ghost imaging (CGI) is a method of acquiring object information by measuring light field intensity, which would be used to achieve imaging in a complicated environment. The main issue to be addressed in CGI technology is how to achieve rapid and high-quality imaging while assuring the secure transmission of detection data in practical distant imaging applications. In order to address the mentioned issues, this paper proposes a remote secure CGI method based on quantum communication technology. Using the quantum key distribution (QKD) network, the CGI system can be reconstructed while solving the problem of information security transmission between the detector and the reconstructed computing device. By exploring the influence of different random measurement matrices on the quality of image reconstruction, it is found that the randomness of the numerical sequence constituting the matrix is positively correlated with the imaging quality. Based on this discovery, a new type of quantum cryptography measurement matrix is constructed using quantum cryptography with good randomness. In addition, through further orthogonalization and normalization of the matrix, the matrix has both good randomness and orthogonality, and high-quality imaging results can be obtained at a low sampling rate. The feasibility and effectiveness of the method are verified by simulation imaging experiments. Compared with the traditional GI system, the method proposed in this paper has higher transmission security and high-quality imaging under this premise, which provides a new idea for the practical development of CGI technology.
We propose an approach for the optical encryption of ghost images reconstructed from the spatially correlated classical two-beam pairs. This approach has the capability of encrypting ghost images by flexibly manipulating the position correlation of a pair of ``signal'' and ``idler'' beams. We experimentally demonstrate that the perfect ghost image can be extracted by decrypting the encrypted information of an object, in particular, our approach under eavesdropping has a higher security for encryption compared with previous approaches.
We present a proof of principle of a straightforward application of distributed imaging to the efficient encryption of images. The basic idea is to exploit, in a ghost-imaging experiment, the correlations of the fields produced by a chaotically seeded parametric downconversion to deduce a Code for reconstructing the image of the object. As we demonstrate that this Code is smaller than the entire image size, we suggest that this technique can be used for more efficient image encryption by any quantum key. PACS numbers: 42.50.-p, 42.65.Lm, 03.67.Dd, 03.67.Hk Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a direct application of fundamental quantum mechanics, involving two parties, Alice and Bob, exchanging some classical information. By QKD Alice and Bob share secret random keys to implement a secure encryption-decryption algorithm (one-time-pad) without meeting, and the security of the distributed keys is based on the laws of quantum physics [1]. However at variance with classical communication