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Journal of the Optical Society of America B

Laser control of giant optical absorption and gain in quantum plasmonic particles

C. H. Raymond Ooi, Eyob Alebachew Sete, Hichem Eleuch

Published May 22, 2017• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A quantum particle strongly interacting with a nearby metallic particle is a fundamental system in nanoplasmonics. The dielectric function of the quantum system can manifest rich quantum nonlinear optics phenomena when the spatial dependence of the vectorial nature of the probing laser field and the dipole moment are considered. We find that the quantum system can exhibit giant gain and giant absorption when the dipole moment orientation and the direction, polarization, and relative phase of the probe field components are properly tuned, especially in the near-field regime. This can be explained as due to the strong interactions between the quantum system and the metallic particle in the near-field regime at surface plasmon resonance. Interestingly, these giant features can be suppressed by a large probe Rabi frequency. The study enables remarkable coherent control of optical properties in quantum nanoplasmonics, useful for enhancing absorption in solar cells and light amplification for lasing and sensing.

DOI
10.1364/josab.34.001234

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A quantum particle strongly interacting with a nearby metallic particle is a fundamental system in nanoplasmonics. The dielectric function of the quantum system can manifest rich quantum nonlinear optics phenomena when the spatial dependence of the vectorial nature of the probing laser field and the dipole moment are considered. We find that the quantum system can exhibit giant gain and giant absorption when the dipole moment orientation and the direction, polarization, and relative phase of the probe field components are properly tuned, especially in the near-field regime. This can be explained as due to the strong interactions between the quantum system and the metallic particle in the near-field regime at surface plasmon resonance. Interestingly, these giant features can be suppressed by a large probe Rabi frequency. The study enables remarkable coherent control of optical properties in quantum nanoplasmonics, useful for enhancing absorption in solar cells and light amplification for lasing and sensing.
We study the optical response of a four-level double-V-type quantum system which interacts simultaneously with probe and pump laser fields and is located near a two-dimensional array of metal-coated dielectric nanospheres. By considering different coupling configurations for the pump/probe laser fields and analyzing the resulting probe absorption spectrum we reveal a variety of phenomena, such as huge enhancement of the absorption at the central line, gain without inversion, and a phase-dependent absorption spectrum. We also show that the enhancement of probe absorption or the gain can be controlled by varying the distance of the quantum system from the plasmonic nanostructure, the intensity of the pump field(s), and, when applicable, their relative phase. Our results can find applications in on-chip nanoscale photonic devices.
Nanoplasmonic hybrid systems are novel materials due to their optical properties that can be manipulated by sub-wavelength structures of these materials paving the way for interesting optical phenomena such as superluminal propagation. We study the optical properties of metal nanoparticle-graphene nanodisks-quantum dots hybrid system using density matrix approach. The quantum dot is modeled as a three level lambda type configuration interacting with a weak probe field and strong control field. We realize that due to the surface plasmon effects, we can control the optical properties of the quantum dot including absorption, dispersion and group index by the geometrical features of these components in addition to the parameters of the interacting fields. A controllable switching between subliminal and superluminal propagation is observed at certain parametric conditions leading to interesting potential applications such as signal processing and optoelectronic devices.
The effect of a nearby metallic particle on the quantum optical properties of a quantum particle in the four-level double Raman configuration is studied using the quantum Langevin approach. We obtain analytical expressions for the correlated quantum fields of Stokes and anti-Stokes photons emitted from the system and perform analysis on how the interparticle distance, the direction of observation or detection, the strengths of controllable laser fields, the presence of surface plasmon resonance, and the number density of the quantum particle affect the quantum spectra of the Stokes and anti-Stokes fields. We explore the physics behind the quantum-particle--metallic-nanoparticle interaction within the dipole approximation, that is, when the interparticle distance is much larger than the sizes of the particles. Our results show the dependence of the spectra on the interparticle distance in the form of oscillatory behavior with damping as the interparticle distance increases. At weaker laser fields the enhancement of quantum fields which manifests itself in the form of a Fano dip in the central peak of the spectra becomes significant. Also, the quantum-particle--metallic-nanoparticle coupling, which is affected by the size of the metallic nanoparticle and the number density of the quantum particle, changes the angular dependence of the spectra by breaking the angular rotational symmetry. In the presence of surface plasmon resonance the oscillatory dependence of the spectra on the interparticle distance and angles of observation becomes even stronger due to the plasmonic enhancement effect.
Hybrid nanocomposites can provide a promising platform for integrated optics. Optical nonlinearity can significantly widen the range of applications of such structures. In the present paper, a theoretical investigation is carried out by solving the density matrix equations derived for a metal nanoparticles-graphene nanodisks-quantum dots hybrid system interacting with weak probe and strong control fields, in the steady state. We derive analytical expressions for linear and third-order nonlinear susceptibilities of the probe field. A giant self-Kerr nonlinear index of refraction is obtained in the optical region with relatively low light intensity. The optical absorption spectrum of the system demonstrates electromagnetically induced transparency and amplification without population inversion in the linear optical response arising from the negative real part of the polarizabilities for the plasmonic components at the energy of the localized surface plasmon resonance of the graphene nanodisks induced by the probe field. We find that the self-Kerr nonlinear optical properties of the system can be controlled by the geometrical features of the system, the size of metal nanoparticles and the strength of the control field. The controllable self-Kerr nonlinearities of hybrid nanocomposites can be employed in many interesting applications of modern integrated optics devices allowing for high nonlinearity with relatively low light intensity.
We have developed a semianalytical theory to study a quantum plasmonic system composed of a quantum particle and a metallic particle with finite size. The quantum particle is composed of molecules driven by three laser fields and produces a coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) signal which is enhanced by plasmonic resonance of the metallic particle. The enhanced CARS field and the control laser form a $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Lambda}}$ scheme that gives highly nonlinear and spatially nonlocal effects. We obtain absorption spectra that show periodic oscillations with radius of the spherical quantum particle, the whispering gallery effect. Plasmonic resonance gives very large and narrow absorption peaks as well as vanishing absorption or Fano dip at specific values of frequency and interparticle distance. The space between the two particles provides a resonant cavity effect which explains the oscillations of absorption power spectra with interparticle distance.
In this research, we consider the interaction between an atomic or molecular quantum system (QS) and a metallic nanoparticle (MP). We modelled QS by a three-level lambda system. Under the probe field and control field, the QS become transparent to incident light within a narrow spectrum of frequency, a phenomena known as electro- magnetically induced transparency (EIT). The quantum coherence of the QS under EIT and the strong exciton-plasmon coupling between the QS and MP are dependant on each other. The analytical expressions for the interaction of QS and MP are derived using two methods. First, the QS-MP system is considered as a one-dimensional problem. The ex- pressions derived using this method is not general, however, they provide a simple and more intuitive understanding of the interaction. The second method employed to derive the analytical expressions is by using a vectorial description. Using this model, the exact and general expressions describing the QS-MP system are derived. The density matrix of the QS-MP system was used to obtain numerical results for the dielectric function of QS and MP. The effect of field detuning, distance between the QS and MP, laser field direction and polarization on the dielectric functions are investigated.