A Hybrid Quantum Random Number Generation Methodology to Insure Secure Key

Narayana Gaddam

One of the solutions to the problem of secure communication is the Quantum Random Number Generators (QRNGs) which generate true randomness based on quantum mechanical principles.QRNGs are different from conventional pseudo random number generator in that they use quantum uncertainty to generate outputs which are very unpredictable.This work attempts to examine different QRNG architectures, study the possible integration of cryptographic frameworks with these architectures and highlight potential vulnerabilities in the integration of cryptographic frameworks with QRNG architectures.Post-processing techniques, i.e.Zero-Phase Component Analysis (ZPCA) and neural network based techniques are also studied to increase entropy and suppress environmental noise in QRNG systems.Key findings show that system jitter models based QRNG architectures are more scalable and less expensive for use in real world applications.Additionally, incorporating cryptographic protocols with the QRNGs endows them with the ability to resist quantum threats, and hence, provide better key distribution in the secure IoT communication frameworks.However, as security problems such as side channel attacks and hardware manipulation are still big issues.It also points out some of the emerging research trends including hybrid QRNG architectures, i.e., QRNG with classical PRNG to increase the entropy rate.As such, the proposed methodologies attempt to enhance QRNG scalability, security, and energy efficiency in cloud infrastructures, in mobile systems and in critical security environments.The advancement of these technologies will assume a crucial function in the advancement of quantum-safe frames for current advanced computerized foundation.

Paulina Muzaj, Piotr Sulikowski

Elizabeth Henry

Lutfiatul Mar’Ah, Rahmat Mulyawan, Andriyan Bayu Suksmono

The reliability and security of telecommunication systems depend on the quality of random number generators (RNGs). Quantum Random Number Generators (QRNGs) enhance randomness over classical methods, improving cryptographic strength. This paper evaluates three QRNG implementations using IBM quantum computers, analyzing their methodologies, performance, and limitations. We introduce a new QRNG algorithm on the IBM Quantum Experience (IBMQ) platform, using real quantum computers instead of simulators, and incorporating post-processing with XOR bit masking. Our algorithm achieves entropy 0.86458 and passes more NIST 800-90B and NIST 800–22 randomness tests, demonstrating its effectiveness and reliability. This research supports secure telecommunication technologies by providing a reliable source of true randomness.

Dipika S. Harode, Vedanti U. Deshmukh

ABSTRACT The rapid advancement of quantum computing poses a serious threat to classical authentication mechanisms that rely on computational hardness assumptions and software-based randomness. Traditional authentication systems such as passwords, one-time passwords (OTPs), and public-key cryptography depend heavily on pseudorandom number generators (PRNGs) and classical cryptographic algorithms, many of which are vulnerable to future quantum attacks. This paper proposes and analyzes a Hybrid Post-Quantum Secure Authentication system using Quantum-Generated One-Time Tokens (Q-OTT). The proposed approach combines true quantum randomness obtained from Quantum Random Number Generators (QRNGs) with post-quantum cryptographic (PQC) algorithms for token protection and verification. A detailed comparison between classical authentication systems and the hybrid Q-OTT approach is presented in terms of randomness, security, entropy, and quantum resistance. The study demonstrates that hybrid Q-OTT systems offer significantly enhanced security against both classical and quantum adversaries, at the cost of moderate infrastructure requirements. Keywords Post-Quantum Cryptography, Quantum Random Number Generator, One-Time Token, Authentication Systems, Quantum Security, Hybrid Authentication

Mario Stipčević