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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Equilibration dynamics of a many-body quantum system across the superfluid to Mott insulator phase transition

A. Müllers, Christian Baals, Bodhaditya Santra, Ralf Labouvie, Thomas Mertz, Arya Dhar, Ivana Vasić, Agnieszka Cichy, Walter Hofstetter, Herwig Ott

Published Jun 7, 2017• 0 citations
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We study transport dynamics of ultracold cesium atoms in a two-dimensional optical lattice across the superfluid-Mott-insulator transition based on in situ imaging. Inducing the phase transition with a lattice ramping routine expected to be locally adiabatic, we observe a global mass redistribution which requires a very long time to equilibrate, more than 100 times longer than the microscopic time scales for on-site interaction and tunneling. When the sample enters the Mott-insulator regime, mass transport significantly slows down. By employing fast recombination loss pulses to analyze the occupancy distribution, we observe similarly slow-evolving dynamics, and a lower effective temperature at the center of the sample.