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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Quantum Time Crystal By Decoherence in Incommensurate Charge Density Wave Ring

Keiji Nakatsugawa, Toshiyuki Fujii, Satoshi Tanda

Published Mar 15, 2017• 0 citations
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Quantum Time Crystal by Decoherence in Ring Systems

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Quantum time crystal by decoherence: Proposal with an incommensurate charge density wave ring

Keiji Nakatsugawa, Toshiyuki Fujii, Satoshi Tanda

We show that time translation symmetry of a ring system with a macroscopic quantum ground state is broken by decoherence. In particular, we consider a ring-shaped incommensurate charge density wave (ICDW ring) threaded by a fluctuating magnetic flux: the Caldeira-Leggett model is used to model the fluctuating flux as a bath of harmonic oscillators. We show that the charge density expectation value of a quantized ICDW ring coupled to its environment oscillates periodically. The Hamiltonians considered in this model are time independent unlike ``Floquet time crystals'' considered recently. Our model forms a metastable quantum time crystal with a finite length in space and in time.

arXiv:1703.04002•Physical review. B./Physical review. B•Sep 20, 2017•23 citations

Incommensurate Charge Density Wave as Quantum Space-Time Crystal

Keiji Nakatsugawa, Toshiyuki Fujii, Satoshi Tanda

A quantum time crystal (QTC) is a novel quantum mechanical ground state that was recently proposed by Wilczek. Although many QTC models have been proposed, it is not clear yet if such states are possible. We propose the idea that an incommensurate charge density wave (ICDW) forms a quantum space crystal (QSC), which is an extension of a QTC in the spatial domain. Consequently, a rotating ring-shaped ICDW naturally forms a quantum space-time crystal (QSTC), which combines the two concepts of QTC and QSC. The breaking of space-time translation symmetry is understood using time-dependent density matrices. Furthermore, we show that this model can be observed in real systems such as TaS$_3$ ring crystals at finite temperature. Our results suggest that QTC/QSTC can exist.

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Time crystals: Can diamagnetic currents drive a charge density wave into rotation?

Philippe Nozières

It has been recently argued that an inhomogeneous system could rotate spontaneously in its ground state —hence a "time crystal" which is periodic in time. In this letter we present a very simple example: a superfluid ring threaded by a magnetic field which develops a charge density wave (CDW). A simple calculation shows that diamagnetic currents cannot drive rotation of the CDW, with a clear picture of the cancellation mechanism.

arXiv:1306.6229•Europhysics Letters (EPL)•Sep 1, 2013•92 citations
We show that time translation symmetry of a ring system with a macroscopic quantum ground state is broken by decoherence. In particular, we consider a ring-shaped incommensurate charge density wave (ICDW ring) threaded by a fluctuating magnetic flux: the Caldeira-Leggett model is used to model the fluctuating flux as a bath of harmonic oscillators. We show that the charge density expectation value of a quantized ICDW ring coupled to its environment oscillates periodically. The Hamiltonians considered in this model are time independent unlike ``Floquet time crystals'' considered recently. Our model forms a metastable quantum time crystal with a finite length in space and in time.
A quantum time crystal (QTC) is a novel quantum mechanical ground state that was recently proposed by Wilczek. Although many QTC models have been proposed, it is not clear yet if such states are possible. We propose the idea that an incommensurate charge density wave (ICDW) forms a quantum space crystal (QSC), which is an extension of a QTC in the spatial domain. Consequently, a rotating ring-shaped ICDW naturally forms a quantum space-time crystal (QSTC), which combines the two concepts of QTC and QSC. The breaking of space-time translation symmetry is understood using time-dependent density matrices. Furthermore, we show that this model can be observed in real systems such as TaS3_33​ ring crystals at finite temperature. Our results suggest that QTC/QSTC can exist.