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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

In situ sensing of position and temperature of a single trapped atom via resonance fluorescence

Richard Wagner, Wes Erickson, Dan Steck

Published Jun 8, 2017• 0 citations
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Position and Temperature Measurements of a Single Atom via Resonant Fluorescence

Richard Wagner

The magneto-optical trap (MOT) has been an important tool in quantum optics research for three decades. MOTs allow for hundreds of thousands to millions of atoms to be cooled to micro-Kelvin temperatures for use in a wide variety of experiments. For nearly as long, MOTs with just a single atom have been of some interest to the research community. We have developed an algorithm, based on Bayesian statistics, to carefully measure small numbers of atoms in a MOT.\n\nMany techniques have been developed to measure the temperature of atoms in a MOT, including some that can translate to single atoms. We propose a new technique to measure the temperature of a single atom without releasing the atom from the MOT. Temporal modulations in a spatially dependent magnetic field encode information about the position of an atom through associated variation in its fluorescence rate. Measuring this variation reveals the atom's position distribution and therefore its temperature. The technique is examined for a variety of MOT parameters. Measurements with the technique are an order of magnitude larger than predicted by theory and potential routes for future study are offered.

•Sep 18, 2019•1 citation
Trapped ions, as one of the pillars of progress in frequency metrology and quantum optics, require a complex experimental environment with well-defined conditions. We present that a feature called dark resonance, provided by the trapped ion itself, can be used as a versatile sensor for enhanced in-situ analysis of interacting fields. The dark resonance is formed in the lambda-type energy level scheme of a laser cooled 40Ca+ ion and corresponds to a fluorescence quenching. The method uses an analysis of the detection times of photons emitted from the upper energy level, which is excited via two optical dipole transitions. The two excitation lasers are phase locked to an optical frequency comb to reduce their linewidths and for precise control of their optical frequencies within the dark resonance. The amplitudes of interacting fields are obtained using the Fourier transform of the ion fluorescence or photon correlation measurements. This paper shows that the method can be applied for sensing of electric, magnetic and electromagnetic fields. Firstly, we present the potential for frequency analysis of the secular motion of a few-ion Coulomb crystal, which corresponds to the axial static electric field of a linear ion trap. Secondly, we demonstrate the optical frequency analysis of the employed lasers driving the two transitions. In the last case we show the analysis of an alternating magnetic field at the position of single ion.
The magneto-optical trap (MOT) has been an important tool in quantum optics research for three decades. MOTs allow for hundreds of thousands to millions of atoms to be cooled to micro-Kelvin temperatures for use in a wide variety of experiments. For nearly as long, MOTs with just a single atom have been of some interest to the research community. We have developed an algorithm, based on Bayesian statistics, to carefully measure small numbers of atoms in a MOT.\n\nMany techniques have been developed to measure the temperature of atoms in a MOT, including some that can translate to single atoms. We propose a new technique to measure the temperature of a single atom without releasing the atom from the MOT. Temporal modulations in a spatially dependent magnetic field encode information about the position of an atom through associated variation in its fluorescence rate. Measuring this variation reveals the atom's position distribution and therefore its temperature. The technique is examined for a variety of MOT parameters. Measurements with the technique are an order of magnitude larger than predicted by theory and potential routes for future study are offered.