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Physics World

Photon tracking scoopsPhysics Worldaward

Hamish Johnston

Published Jan 1, 2012• 0 citations
Publisher

Abstract

The 2011 Physics World Breakthrough of the Year has been awarded to Aephraim Steinberg and colleagues from the University of Toronto in Canada, who have, for the first time, tracked the average paths of single photons passing through a Young's double-slit experiment.
DOI
10.1088/2058-7058/25/01/11

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•Mar 30, 2020•1 citation
Physicists in Canada and Austria have succeeded in entangling more than two photons for the first time. Aephraim Steinberg and co-workers at the University of Toronto have entangled three photons, while Anton Zeilinger and colleagues at the University of Vienna have created a four-photon entangled state. The wavelengths of these entangled states are three and four times shorter than the original wavelengths of the photons, which means they could be used to overcome the so-called diffraction limit. Entangled photons could therefore improve the resolution of applications such as lithography and microscopy (Nature 429 161 and 158).
This paper uncovers that quantum uncertain principle makes the single particle with global property have no certain path, and then wave of quantum particle can simultaneously do pass the double slits. The two subwaves after passing Young’s double slits are entanglement, they may form interference of subwaves. Consequently, we find a kind of quantum probabilistic entanglements with Wheeler's delayed choice. Quantum particles such as photons, electrons, neutrons, protons etc mean that wave of the quantum particle can simultaneously do pass through Young's double slits, rather than individual quantum particle may pass through Young's double slits at the same time. When considering wave property, we cannot consider particle property (Just as in the photoelectric effect, considering the particle nature of the system, people cannot consider wave property, otherwise the photoelectric effect cannot appear). Therefore, this paper discovers that the ability of single photon to hit electrons out in photoelectric effect is complementarily equivalent to the ability of wave of the single photon to simultaneously pass through Young's double slits in wave-particle duality. Objective criteria for distinguishing classical and quantum particles are discovered and objectively give the applicable realm of quantum mechanics for the first time. The crisis of the single particle’s simultaneously passing through Young's double slits, which has been plaguing physicists in the whole world up to now for decades, is solved, in which the studies are classified as classical and quantum particles, the classical particle and quantum particle wave cannot and can pass the Young’s slits, respectively. This paper discovers both the new physics mechanism of passing the double slits of the wave with the amplitude of 4-dimensional momentum representation wave function reflecting particle nature and the principle of self-adaptive emergence of wave-particle duality, and then using the principle, this paper gives both direct explanations to the current experiments and new predictions of new some experiments for wave-particle duality. All the deduced results here are consistent with all relevant physics experiments.