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Bulletin of the American Physical Society

Controlling Neutral Atoms Near a Photonic Crystal Waveguide Transported via Optical Lattices

A. P. Burgers, Juan A. Muniz, Lucas Peng, Andrew McClung, Harry J. Kimble

Published Jun 7, 2017• 0 citations
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Experiments and numerical simulations are described that develop quantitative understanding of atomic motion near the surfaces of nanoscopic photonic crystal waveguides (PCWs). Ultracold atoms are delivered from a moving optical lattice into the PCW. Synchronous with the moving lattice, transmission spectra for a guided-mode probe field are recorded as functions of lattice transport time and frequency detuning of the probe beam. By way of measurements such as these, we have been able to validate quantitatively our numerical simulations, which are based upon detailed understanding of atomic trajectories that pass around and through nanoscopic regions of the PCW under the influence of optical and surface forces. The resolution for mapping atomic motion is roughly 50 nm in space and 100 ns in time. By introducing auxiliary guided-mode (GM) fields that provide spatially varying AC Stark shifts, we have, to some degree, begun to control atomic trajectories, such as to enhance the flux into the central vacuum gap of the PCW at predetermined times and with known AC Stark shifts. Applications of these capabilities include enabling high fractional filling of optical trap sites within PCWs, calibration of optical fields within PCWs, and utilization of the time-dependent, optically dense atomic medium for novel nonlinear optical experiments.
Integrating atomic physics with nanophotonics devices provides a new research platform for quantum optics and many-body physics. The robustness and scalability of advanced lithographic fabrication technology provide powerful tools to enhance and control atom-photon interaction. Dispersion engineered photonic crystal waveguides (PCWs), such as the alligator photonic crystal waveguides (APCWs) described in this thesis, allow stable trapping and probing of atoms via guided modes (GMs). By tuning the photonic band-edges of the PCWs, the photon-mediated interactions between atoms can be modified. This thesis describes simulations and experiments that develop a quantitative understanding of atomic motion near the surfaces of APCWs. The atoms are delivered to APCWs using optical lattice. Synchronous with the moving lattice, transmission spectra for a guided-mode probe field are recorded as functions of lattice transport time and frequency detuning of the probe beam. With these 2D "clocked" spectra, we have been able to validate quantitatively our numerical simulations, which are based upon a detailed understanding of atomic trajectories that pass around and through nanoscopic regions of the APCW under the influence of optical and surface forces. By introducing auxiliary GMs of various polarizations and intensities, we have begun to control the atomic trajectories to some degree. For example, atoms can be guided to the central vacuum gap of the APCW at predetermined times and with known AC-Stark shifts. The applications of combining clocked atom delivery and numerical simulation include enabling high fractional filling of optical trap sites within PCWs, calibration of optical fields within PCWs, and utilization of the time-dependent, optically dense atomic medium for novel nonlinear optical experiments.