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Physical Review Applied

Controlling Photon Echo in a Quantum-Dot Semiconductor Optical Amplifier Using Shaped Excitation

Akhilesh Kumar Mishra, Ouri Karni, Igor Khanonkin, G. Eisenstein

Published May 12, 2017• 3 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Storage and manipulation of quantum information requires (nearly) perfect timing---or precisely timed pulse sequences, anyhow. In quantum memory based on photon echoes, for example, the appearance time of the echo must be determined with great accuracy. This study shows how to control photon echoes in a quantum-dot optical amplifier operating at room temperature. As the amplifier is a distributed device, propagation effects are dominant in the generation of the echo pulse, and shaping the excitation pulse serves to control the echo's appearance time and strength.

DOI
10.1103/physrevapplied.7.054008

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Storage and manipulation of quantum information requires (nearly) perfect timing---or precisely timed pulse sequences, anyhow. In quantum memory based on photon echoes, for example, the appearance time of the echo must be determined with great accuracy. This study shows how to control photon echoes in a quantum-dot optical amplifier operating at room temperature. As the amplifier is a distributed device, propagation effects are dominant in the generation of the echo pulse, and shaping the excitation pulse serves to control the echo's appearance time and strength.
We demonstrate the ability to control quantum coherent Rabi-oscillations in a room-temperature quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) by shaping the light pulses that trigger them. The experiments described here show that when the excitation is resonant with the short wavelength slope of the SOA gain spectrum, a linear frequency chirp affects its ability to trigger Rabi-oscillations within the SOA: A negative chirp inhibits Rabi-oscillations whereas a positive chirp can enhance them, relative to the interaction of a transform limited pulse. The experiments are confirmed by a numerical calculation that models the propagation of the experimentally shaped pulses through the SOA.
Semiconductor quantum dots are excellent candidates for ultrafast coherent manipulation of qubits by laser pulses on picosecond timescales or even faster. In inhomogeneous ensembles a macroscopic optical polarization decays rapidly due to dephasing, which, however, is reversible in photon echoes carrying complete information about the coherent ensemble dynamics. Control of the echo emission time is mandatory for applications. Here, we propose a novel concept to reach this goal. In a two-pulse photon echo sequence, we apply an additional resonant control pulse with multiple of 2pi area. Depending on its arrival time, the control slows down dephasing or rephasing of the exciton ensemble during its action. We demonstrate for self-assembled (In,Ga)As quantum dots that the photon echo emission time can be retarded or advanced by 5 ps relative to its nominal appearance time without control. This versatile protocol may be used to obtain significantly longer temporal shifts for suitably tailored control pulses.
The use of ultrashort pulses allows to induce and observe quantum coherent effects in optical gain media where the coherence time is longer than the excitation pulses namely, room temperature quantum dot ensembles. We use InAs/InP quantum dot optical amplifiers as the experimental platform and have demonstrated effects such as coherently controlled Rabi Oscillations, Ramsey Fringes, Photon`Echoes, Prolongation of dephasing time via induced three pulse photon echoes. Recently we have advanced the field by demonstrating a hallmark experiment of quantum optics: Quantum Coherent collapse and revival which was never observed in a solid let alone at room temperature.
Abstract Semiconductor quantum dots are excellent candidates for ultrafast coherent manipulation of qubits by laser pulses on picosecond timescales or even faster. In inhomogeneous ensembles a macroscopic optical polarization decays rapidly due to dephasing, which, however, is reversible in photon echoes carrying complete information about the coherent ensemble dynamics. Control of the echo emission time is mandatory for applications. Here, we propose a concept to reach this goal. In a two-pulse photon echo sequence, we apply an additional resonant control pulse with multiple of 2πarea. Depending on its arrival time, the control slows down dephasing or rephasing of the exciton ensemble during its action. We demonstrate for self-assembled (In,Ga)As quantum dots that the photon echo emission time can be retarded or advanced by up to 5 ps relative to its nominal appearance time without control. This versatile protocol may be used to obtain significantly longer temporal shifts for suitably tailored control pulses.
Coherence in light–matter interaction is a necessary ingredient if light is used to control the quantum state of a material system. Coherent effects are firmly associated with isolated systems kept at low temperature. The exceedingly fast dephasing in condensed matter environments, in particular at elevated temperatures, may well erase all coherent information in the material at timescales shorter than a laser excitation pulse. Here we show for an ensemble of semiconductor quantum dots that even in the presence of ultrafast dephasing, for suitably designed condensed matter systems quantum-coherent effects are robust enough to be observable at room temperature. Our conclusions are based on an analysis of the reshaping an ultrafast laser pulse undergoes on propagation through a semiconductor quantum dot amplifier. We show that this pulse modification contains the signature of coherent light–matter interaction and can be controlled by adjusting the population of the quantum dots via electrical injection. Quantum coherence effects are often only visible at low temperatures, where dephasing times are not too short. Here Kolarczik et al. show that quantum coherence effects can appear in the reshaping of ultrafast laser pulses passing through quantum dots even at room temperature.