Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Log inSign up
Challenges
Datasets
Workspaces
Papers
Discussions
Leaderboard
Blog
Job Board
Q3AS

© 2026 Aqora Quantum S.A.S.

TermsPrivacyLegal Notice

Quantum Electronics

Microwave frequency standard on 25Mg+ ions: expected characteristics and prospects

Ilia V. Zalivako, Ilya A. Semerikov, Alexander S. Borisenko, Ksenia Yu. Khabarova, В. Н. Сорокин, N. Kolachevsky

Published May 9, 2017• 4 citations
Publisher

Abstract

A scheme of the new frequency standard is reported based on a microwave transition between hyperfine components of the ground state in 25 Mg + ions. It is proposed to capture ions into a linear quadrupole Paul trap and to perform the laser cooling, as well as to prepare the particle ensemble and to implement detection by using a single laser system based on a semiconductor laser. Characteristics of the suggested frequency standard are estimated.

DOI
10.1070/qel16358

Related papers

High-accuracy measurement of the ^113Cd^+ ground-state hyperfine splitting at the milli-Hertz level

Shiguang Wang, Jianwei Zhang, K. Miao +2 more

We have developed a microwave frequency standard based on the 15.2 GHz ground-stated hyperfine transition of (113)C(+) ions. Using a laser-cooled ion cloud trapped in a linear quadrupole Paul trap, the clock transition frequency is measured to be 15 199 862 855.0125(87) Hz, with an accuracy at the 10(-13) level. The main errors are from the microwave frequency reference used in the experiment. The precision is improved by nearly two orders of magnitude than that reported before.

Optics Express•May 14, 2013•19 citations

High-accuracy frequency standards using laser-cooled Hg+ ions

Dana J. Berkeland, J.D. Miller, Brent C. Young +3 more

We discuss frequency standards based on laser-cooled 199Hg+ ions confined in cryogenic rf traps. In one experiment, the frequency of a microwave source is served to the ions' ground-state hyperfine transition at 40.5 GHz. For seven ions and a Ramsey free precession time of 100 s, the fractional frequency stability is 3.3 (2) X 10-13 (tau) -1/2 for measurement times (tau) < 2 h. The ground-state hyperfine interval is measured to be 40 507 347 996.841 59 (14) (41) Hz, where the first number in parentheses is the uncertainty due to statistics and systematic errors, and the second is the uncertainty in the frequency of the time scale to which the standard is compared. In a second experiment under development, a strong-binding cryogenic trap will confine a single ion used for an optical frequency standard based on a narrow electric quadrupole transition at 282 nm. The bandwidth of the laser used to drive this transition is less than 10 Hz at 563 nm.

Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE•May 15, 1998•1 citation

Progress towards a microwave frequency standard based on the laser cooled 113Cd+ ions

Jianwei Zhang, Zhengbo Wang, Shiguang Wang +3 more

The progress towards to a microwave frequency standard based on laser-cooled113Cd+ions trapped in a linear quadrupole trap is reported. The experimental apparatus is introduced and the measurement of the clock transition is demonstrated. The estimated performance of the clock is also discussed.

Joint Conference of the European Frequency and Time Forum and IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (EFTF/IFCS)•May 1, 2012•4 citations

Ionic crystals in a linear Paul trap

Mark G. Raizen, Jonathan Magnolia Gilligan, Jonas Bergquist +2 more

We describe a configuration for a linear Paul rf ion trap. This trap can store a long string of ions with a small second-order Doppler shift, comparable to that achieved with a single ion in a quadrupole Paul trap. Crystallized strings of trapped ions, as well as more complicated structures, have been observed in the trap. We report an observation of the 40.5-GHz ground-state hyperfine interval of $^{199}\mathrm{Hg}^{+}$ by microwave-optical double-resonance spectroscopy and discuss prospects for a microwave frequency standard based on a trapped string of ions.

Physical Review A•May 1, 1992•330 citations

Laser-Cooled Mercury Ion Frequency Standard

Dana J. Berkeland, J.D. Miller, Jonas Bergquist +2 more

A stable and accurate frequency standard based on the 40.5 GHz ground-state hyperfine transition in ${}^{199}{\mathrm{Hg}}^{+}$ ions is described. The ions are confined in a cryogenic linear Paul (rf) trap and laser cooled to form a linear crystal. With seven ions and a Ramsey interrogation time of 100 s, the fractional frequency stability is 3.3 $(2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}13}{\ensuremath{\tau}}^{\ensuremath{-}1/2}$ for measurement times $\ensuremath{\tau}<2\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{h}$. The ground-state hyperfine interval is measured to be 40 507 347 996.841 59 (14) (41) Hz, where the first number in the parentheses is the uncertainty due to statistical and systematic effects, and the second is the uncertainty in the frequency of the time scale to which our standard is compared.

Physical Review Letters•Mar 9, 1998•196 citations

Doppler laser cooling and vibrational spectrum of 24Mg+ ions in a linear Paul trap

Ilia V. Zalivako, Alexander S. Borisenko, Ilya A. Semerikov +2 more

We report results on the laser cooling of 24 Mg + ions to temperatures below 80 mK in a linear quadrupole Paul trap. A method has been demonstrated for determining secular frequencies of ions using amplitude modulation of cooling light, and vibrational spectra of simple ion crystals have been investigated.

Quantum Electronics•May 7, 2018•5 citations
A scheme of the new frequency standard is reported based on a microwave transition between hyperfine components of the ground state in 25 Mg + ions. It is proposed to capture ions into a linear quadrupole Paul trap and to perform the laser cooling, as well as to prepare the particle ensemble and to implement detection by using a single laser system based on a semiconductor laser. Characteristics of the suggested frequency standard are estimated.
We discuss frequency standards based on laser-cooled 199Hg+ ions confined in cryogenic rf traps. In one experiment, the frequency of a microwave source is served to the ions' ground-state hyperfine transition at 40.5 GHz. For seven ions and a Ramsey free precession time of 100 s, the fractional frequency stability is 3.3 (2) X 10-13 (tau) -1/2 for measurement times (tau) < 2 h. The ground-state hyperfine interval is measured to be 40 507 347 996.841 59 (14) (41) Hz, where the first number in parentheses is the uncertainty due to statistics and systematic errors, and the second is the uncertainty in the frequency of the time scale to which the standard is compared. In a second experiment under development, a strong-binding cryogenic trap will confine a single ion used for an optical frequency standard based on a narrow electric quadrupole transition at 282 nm. The bandwidth of the laser used to drive this transition is less than 10 Hz at 563 nm.
We describe a configuration for a linear Paul rf ion trap. This trap can store a long string of ions with a small second-order Doppler shift, comparable to that achieved with a single ion in a quadrupole Paul trap. Crystallized strings of trapped ions, as well as more complicated structures, have been observed in the trap. We report an observation of the 40.5-GHz ground-state hyperfine interval of 199Hg+^{199}\mathrm{Hg}^{+}199Hg+ by microwave-optical double-resonance spectroscopy and discuss prospects for a microwave frequency standard based on a trapped string of ions.
A stable and accurate frequency standard based on the 40.5 GHz ground-state hyperfine transition in 199Hg+{}^{199}{\mathrm{Hg}}^{+}199Hg+ ions is described. The ions are confined in a cryogenic linear Paul (rf) trap and laser cooled to form a linear crystal. With seven ions and a Ramsey interrogation time of 100 s, the fractional frequency stability is 3.3 $(2)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}13}{\ensuremath{\tau}}^{\ensuremath{-}1/2}$ for measurement times $\ensuremath{\tau}<2\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}\mathrm{h}$. The ground-state hyperfine interval is measured to be 40 507 347 996.841 59 (14) (41) Hz, where the first number in the parentheses is the uncertainty due to statistical and systematic effects, and the second is the uncertainty in the frequency of the time scale to which our standard is compared.