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Chinese Physics B

Bidirectional multi-qubit quantum teleportation in noisy channel aided with weak measurement

Guang Yang, Baowang Lian, Min Nie, Jiao Jin

Published Apr 1, 2017• 49 citations
Publisher

Abstract

Recently, bidirectional quantum teleportation has attracted a great deal of research attention. However, existing bidirectional teleportation schemes are normally discussed on the basis of perfect quantum environments. In this paper, we first put forward a bidirectional teleportation scheme to transport three-qubit Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states based on controled-not (CNOT) operation and single-qubit measurement. Then, we generalize it to the teleportation of multi-qubit GHZ states. Further, we discuss the influence of quantum noise on our scheme by the example of an amplitude damping channel, then we obtain the fidelity of the teleportation. Finally, we utilize the weak measurement and the corresponding reversing measurement to protect the quantum entanglement, which shows an effective enhancement of the teleportation fidelity.

DOI
10.1088/1674-1056/26/4/040305

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Recently, bidirectional quantum teleportation has attracted a great deal of research attention. However, existing bidirectional teleportation schemes are normally discussed on the basis of perfect quantum environments. In this paper, we first put forward a bidirectional teleportation scheme to transport three-qubit Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states based on controled-not (CNOT) operation and single-qubit measurement. Then, we generalize it to the teleportation of multi-qubit GHZ states. Further, we discuss the influence of quantum noise on our scheme by the example of an amplitude damping channel, then we obtain the fidelity of the teleportation. Finally, we utilize the weak measurement and the corresponding reversing measurement to protect the quantum entanglement, which shows an effective enhancement of the teleportation fidelity.
Quantum teleportation plays a significant role in the field of quantum communication. This paper investigates quantum teleportation through a noisy environment by using GHZ state and non-standard W state as quantum channels. We analyze the efficiency of quantum teleportation by solving analytically a master equation in Lindblad form. Following the quantum teleportation protocol, we obtain the fidelity of quantum teleportation as a function of evolution time. The calculation results show that the teleportation fidelity using non-standard W is higher in comparison to GHZ state at the same evolution time. Moreover, we consider the efficiency of teleportation with weak measurements and reverse quantum measurement under amplitude damping noise. Our analysis suggests that the teleportation fidelity using non-standard W is also more robust to noise than GHZ state in the same conditions. Interestingly, we found that weak measurement and its reverse operation have no positive effect on the efficiency of quantum teleportation by using GHZ and non-standard W state in the amplitude damping noise environment. In addition, we also demonstrate the efficiency of quantum teleportation can be improved by making minor modifications to the protocol.
This study presents an improved quantum teleportation protocol designed to enhance fidelity in noisy environments by combining weak measurements (WMs) with flip and reversal operations. In our scheme, Alice prepares a four-qubit entangled state and shares one of the entangled qubits with Bob, which serves as the quantum channel for teleporting an arbitrary single-qubit state. Since the communication channel is subject to noise, Alice performs a weak measurement on the shared qubit before transmission to reduce the impact of decoherence. Building upon existing WM-flipreversal frameworks, we propose a modified weak measurement and reversal (WMR) protocol tailored for different noises in a four-qubit entangled system. The approach applies WM and flip operations prior to transmission to enhance resilience against noise, followed by corresponding reversal operations after transmission to recover the original quantum state. We systematically compare the performance of our proposed WMR protocol with the previously proposed WM-flip-reversal method under three common noise models: amplitude damping channel (ADC), phase flip channel (PFC), and bit flip channel (BFC). Our analysis reveals that the modified WMR scheme achieves significantly higher teleportation fidelity and improved robustness, particularly in bit flip noise environments. These findings highlight the potential of optimized weak measurement strategies for developing more reliable and noise-tolerant quantum communication protocols
Quantum teleportation has evolved from single-qubit, unidirectional communication to multi-qubit and multidirectional protocols. However, most existing schemes rely on protocol-specific entangled resources, motivating the development of universal quantum channels capable of supporting multiple communication tasks simultaneously. In this work, we demonstrate that a single twelve-qubit entangled channel exhibits such versatility by enabling the bidirectional teleportation of arbitrary three-qubit states and the cyclic teleportation of arbitrary two-qubit states through local Bell-state measurements and single-qubit operations. Both protocols are further generalized to multi-qubit and multi-party configurations, establishing the scalability of the proposed framework. To assess its practical applicability, the protocols are analyzed under amplitude-damping, phase-damping, bit-flip, phase-flip, and depolarizing noise channels by plotting the teleportation fidelity as a function of both the input-state parameters and noise strength. The analysis reveals distinct noise sensitivities, with the bidirectional protocol remaining perfectly faithful under bit-flip noise for all input states and noise strengths, while the cyclic protocol is consistently more vulnerable to environmental disturbances. The proposed schemes achieve an intrinsic efficiency of 25%25\%25%, which is compared with several existing protocols. The framework therefore provides a scalable and resource-efficient approach to unified quantum communication in realistic noisy quantum networks.
A perfect teleportation protocol requires pure maximally shared entangled states. While in reality the shared entanglement is drastically degraded due to the inevitable interaction with the noisy environment. Here, we propose a teleportation protocol to teleport an unknown qubit through amplitude damping channels with a fidelity up to one with a single copy of the entangled state. Our proposed teleportation protocol, while illustrated using the Bell and W entangled states as examples, can be utilized with any type of entangled states. In our protocol, we utilize environment-assisted measurement (EAM) during the entanglement distribution, and further modify the original teleportation protocol to apply weak measurement in the last step of teleportation. We find a balance between teleportation fidelity and success probability by varying the strength of the weak measurement. Furthermore, we investigate the protection of third-party assisted teleportation protocols, where all the qubits of the entangled state pass through the amplitude damping channel. In particular, for the third-party assisted teleportation with the W state, the decoherence of the shared entanglement can be totally suppressed by using EAM, hence no weak measurement is required to achieve an average teleportation fidelity of unity. The numerical simulation results reveal that our proposed teleportation protocol outperforms both the weak measurement based probabilistic teleportation protocol and the original teleportation protocols without protection.
This paper presents a tripartite quantum teleportation protocol that incorporates feed-forward control and environment-assisted measurement, aiming to suppress the influence of arbitrary noise with at least one reversible Kraus operator. In this protocol, the feed-forward control is first utilized before the decoherence channel, such that the entangled qubit is transferred to the target state, which is more robust against noise. Next, the measurement is performed on the noise environment coupled with the entangled qubit during the decoherence channel. Finally, the reversed feed-forward control and the redesigned weak measurement reversal operator are applied after the decoherence channel. This protocol can be applied to the case where both amplitude damping and phase damping noise coexist. Based on this protocol, the analytical expressions for performance metrics including the average fidelity and the success probability are further derived. Even for the heavy damping cases, the final average teleportation fidelity can reach 1, which is independent of the magnitude of decoherence and the entanglement parameters. Furthermore, we optimize the success probability without compromising fidelity, and derive the average fidelity expression of the standard tripartite teleportation protocol through the phase damping noise channel. The effectiveness of our protocol is verified by numerical simulations.
This paper solved the problem of transmitting quantum bits (qubits) in a multi-hop and bidirectional way. Considering that the Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ) states are less prone to the decoherence effects caused by the surrounding environment, we proposed a bidirectional quantum communication scheme based on quantum teleportation and the composite GHZ-GHZ states. On a multi-hop quantum path, different types of GHZ states are previously shared between the adjacent intermediate nodes. To implement qubit transmission, the sender and intermediate nodes perform quantum measurements in parallel, and then send their measurement results and the types of previously shared GHZ states to the receiver independently. Based on the received information, the receiver performs unitary operations on the local particle, thus retrieving the original qubit. Our scheme can avoid information leakage at the intermediate nodes and can reduce the end-to-end communication delay, in contrast to the hop-by-hop qubit transmission scheme.